ATTENTION BIBLE STUDENTS:

My translation of this book from the original languages is provided below. Everything inside brackets is commentary that is meant to assist the reader in understanding certain doctrines and concepts germaine to the context.

 

2 Cor. 1:1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy, a brother, to the assembly of God which is in Corinth, together with all the saints who are throughout Achaia:
                                        

2 Cor. 1:2 Grace to you and prosperity from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.   
                              

2 Cor. 1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassions, and God of all encouragement,                    

                   

2 Cor. 1:4 Who keeps on encouraging us during all our outside pressures [trials and tribulations], so that we might be able to encourage those who are under any category of outside pressure, by the encouragement with which we ourselves have received repeated encouragement from God,                  

2 Cor. 1:5 For to the degree that the sufferings from Christ abound in us, in the same way our encouragement [from the reservoir of Bible doctrine in our soul] may also abound through Christ.

                  

2 Cor. 1:6 As a matter of fact, when we receive outside pressure: it is for the sake of your encouragement and deliverance; when we receive encouragement: it is for the sake of your encouragement which is put into operation by patient endurance [resting in the Word of God by faith] through your sufferings, which we have also endured.                 

                

2 Cor. 1:7 Moreover, our basis of hope for you is well-grounded, knowing that when you [mature believers only] are sharers of the sufferings, in the same way also the encouragement.                 

               

2 Cor. 1:8 For we do not want you, brethren, to be ignorant concerning the outside pressure [mob violence]  which happened to us in Asia, since in this case, we were tested to extreme limits above and beyond our ability, to the extent that we even despaired to keep on living.              

              

2 Cor. 1:9 As a matter of fact, we ourselves had the sentence of death in our possession; moreover, we did not rely on ourselves, but upon God Who raises the dead,               

             

2 Cor. 1:10 Who delivered us from terrible death in the past and keeps on delivering, upon Whom we have confidence that He will deliver even more [on future occasions],             

            

2 Cor. 1:11 as you join in and help us, namely by means of your prayer for us, so that the gift of divine grace, by frequent opportunities among us, may receive thanks from many on our behalf.            

2 Cor. 1:12 for our object of espirit-de-corps [corporate boasting], the witness on behalf of our conscience, rests on this: that with single-minded devotion and pure motives before God, not by worldly wisdom, but by the grace of God, we have been living in the world, and especially towards you.            

          

2 Cor. 1:13 For we never write additional things [secretive, esoteric] to you than what you have repetitively learned [heard in the past on numerous occasions] and what you recognize [already have them categorized in their soul], and that I hope you will always recognize completely,           

2 Cor. 1:14 Just as you have also come to know us well, to the degree that we are your object of espirit-de-corps, just as you also are our in the day of the Lord Jesus.          

        

2 Cor. 1:15 Moreover, with this confidence I planned to return face-to-face to you on a prior occasion, so that you might obtain a second benefit [depending on whether they welcomed him or not],        

       

2 Cor. 1:16 not only to pass through you on the way to Macedonia and to return to you from Macedonia [round trip], but also to be accompanied by you to Judea.       

      

2 Cor. 1:17 So, having made this plan, did I, therefore, behave in a fickle manner? Or with reference to the things I had planned, was my planning according to the flesh, with the result that in my case, it could be: Yes indeed or certainly not?       

     

2 Cor. 1:18 On the contrary, God is faithful, so that our word to you is never: yes and no.      

     

2 Cor. 1:19 For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, Who was proclaimed to you by us, (by myself and Silvanus and Timothy), did not become yes or no, but became yes in Him.      

    

2 Cor. 1:20 For all the promises of God are yes in Him [veracity and immutability of God]; for this reason, also, through Him comes the 'truly indeed' from us to the ultimate glory of God.     

   

2 Cor. 1:21 Furthermore, He Who keeps on strengthening us [experiential sanctification] with you [those who are maturing] in Christ, and has annointed us [at the point of salvation] is God,   

  

2 Cor. 1:22 Who has also sealed us [positional sanctification] and given the guarantee [indwelling] of the Spirit in our minds.   

 

2 Cor. 1:23 Moreover, I appeal to God as a witness to my soul, that for the purpose of sparing you, I have not yet returned to Corinth,  

 

2 Cor. 1:24 because we do not want to dictate the terms of your doctrinal lifestyle; on the contrary, we are fellow-workers with reference to your inner happiness, for you have repeatedly stood firm by means of doctrine. 

 

2 Cor. 2:1 However, I myself decided this: that I would not return to you again with regret.                       

2 Cor. 2:2 For if I bring you grief, who then is the one who will cheer me up, but the same one who is grieved because of me?                

                

2 Cor. 2:3 So I have written this very thing, so that when I arrived I would not receive grief from those whom I should receive warm greetings, reassured by all of you that my inner happiness continues to exist, belonging to all of you.                

              

2 Cor. 2:4 For indeed, due to intense outside pressure and anxiety of mentality, I wrote to you with many tears, not so that you might become grieved, but so that you might come to know the virtue love which I have to a great degree towards you.              

             

2 Cor. 2:5 Now if anyone is still distressed [due to Paul’s corrective rebukes in a former letter], he is injuring, not me, but to a degree, all of you, so that I will not bring the issue up again.                    

2 Cor. 2:6 Punishment to this kind of person [the man caught in an incestuous affair] by the hands of the majority was sufficient,            

           

2 Cor. 2:7 So accordingly, good judgment demands that you deal graciously with him all the more [since he repented and asked to be restored to fellowship] and speak words of encouragement, otherwise, in some way, such a person might be overwhelmed with unbearable grief.           

          

2 Cor. 2:8 For this reason, I encourage you to prove your virtue love toward him;          

         

2 Cor. 2:9 Indeed, I also wrote for this purpose, so that I might ascertain your character, whether you are obedient in all manner of things.         

        

2 Cor. 2:10 Moreover, to whom you forgive anything, I also; for I also deal graciously, whenever I have forgiven something on your behalf before Christ,        

       

2 Cor. 2:11 So we might not be taken advantage of by satan, for we are not ignorant of his methods.       

      

2 Cor. 2:12 Furthermore, when I arrived at Troy with the good news about Christ, a door also being opened to me by the Lord,      

     

2 Cor. 2:13 I had no relief in my spirit due to not finding Titus my brother, so after saying goodbye to them, I departed for Macedonia.     

    

2 Cor. 2:14 However, thanks be to God, Who always leads us in triumph in Christ and brings to life the fragrant scent of His consideration for us in every geographical location,  

  

2 Cor. 2:15 For we [ministers of the gospel then and now] are a fragrant aroma of Christ to God, among those who are being delivered and among those who are perishing;  

 

2 Cor. 2:16 On the one hand, one is a foul odor from the dying unto death [unbelievers]; on the other hand, one is a fragrant scent from the living unto life [believers]. And who is sufficient for these things? 

 

2 Cor. 2:17 For we are not like the majority who peddle the Word of God for profit, but rather as those with pure motives, and not only this but also as from God, we communicate by means of Christ in the sight of God.

 

2 Cor. 3:1 Should we ourselves [Paul and his colleagues] begin once more to recommend ourselves? Or do we not need to have, like others [certain false teachers], letters of recommendation to you or letters from you?                

                

2 Cor. 3:2 You are the embodiment of our letter, which was written by our minds, having been recognized and repeatedly studied and exegeted by all manner of men,             

 

2 Cor. 3:3 which reveals that you are the embodiment of a letter of Christ which was prepared under our authority, not written with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God, not on stone tablets, but on the human tablets of the mind.               

              

2 Cor. 3:4 Moreover, we keep on having such confidence face-to-face with God through Christ,              

2 Cor. 3:5 Not that we ourselves are competent to think anything as if out from ourselves, but rather our competency is out from God,             

            

2 Cor. 3:6 Who also made us capable ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter [the law], but of the Spirit, for the letter always kills, but the Spirit always makes alive.           

          

2 Cor. 3:7 But if the ministry of death [the law] by means of alphabetical letters engraved on stones [Mosaic law], appeared with glory, (so that the sons of Israel were not able to fix their eyes on the face of Moses because of the glory of his countenance), which was abolished [the legal dispensation is over],

 

2 Cor. 3:8 How is it not possible for the ministry of the Spirit to be much more glorious?          

         

2 Cor. 3:9 For if the ministry of condemnation [the law] revealed the glory, much more, even to a great degree, the ministry of righteousness superabounds with glory.          

         

2 Cor. 3:10 For even that [the law] which became glorious was not exalted to the same degree, because of the glory [of the Spirit] which surpasses.        

       

2 Cor. 3:11 For if that which was abolished [the law] was with glory, much more, to a greater degree, that which endures [the Spirit] in the sphere of glory.        

       

2 Cor. 3:12 Having, therefore, such confidence, we exhibit a great degree of boldness,      

     

2 Cor. 3:13 And not like Moses putting a veil over his face so that the sons of Israel could not fix their eyes on the goal of that which was abolished.     

    

2 Cor. 3:14 On the contrary, their minds were made stubborn [supernatural hardening]. For up to this very day, the same veil remains when reading the old covenant [they do not find Jesus Christ in the OT], not being unveiled because it [the ministry of the law] was annulled in Christ.    

   

2 Cor. 3:15 As a matter of fact, up to this very day, whenever Moses is read, a veil exists upon their mind;   

  

2 Cor. 3:16 But whenever it [Israel] changes its mind toward the Lord, the veil is removed from around the head.   

  

2 Cor. 3:17 So then, the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty [freedom from the law].  

 

2 Cor. 3:18 But we all, who are ourselves able to see as in a mirror the glory of the Lord without the blindness imposed by the veil over the face, are transformed according to the same image from one degree of glory to another degree of glory [experiential sanctification], as from the Spirit of the Lord. 

 

2 Cor. 4:1 Therefore, since we have this ministry [of the New Testament], inasmuch as we have received mercy, we are not discouraged,                 

                

2 Cor. 4:2 but have renounced hidden things [such as gnosticism or mysticism] related to shameful deeds, not walking deceitfully, nor distorting the Word of God [mixing it with anthropocentric philosophies or psychologies], but proving ourselves by bringing the truth to light face-to-face with each classification of conscience of men before God.                

               

2 Cor. 4:3 So then, if our gospel is being (kept) hidden, it is being (kept) hidden among those who are perishing,              

               

2 Cor. 4:4 Concerning whom the god [satan] over this age [world order] has blinded the thoughts of the unbelieving ones, so that the illumination of the gospel of the glory of Christ, Who is the image of God, should not dawn on them.                

              

2 Cor. 4:5 For we do not preach ourselves, but the Lord Jesus Christ, and ourselves your bondslaves because of Jesus.              

            

2 Cor. 4:6 Because it is the God, Who commanded that light shall shine forth out of darkness, Who has given light into our minds for the purpose of illuminating the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.             

           

2 Cor. 4:7 Moreover, we have this treasure in earthen vessels [human bodies], so that the surpassing quality of the beyond our ability power [divine omnipotence] is always made possible by God [His sovereignty], and never out from us [our will is not the deciding factor],           

          

2 Cor. 4:8 Although we are repeatedly subjected to every category of outside pressure, nevertheless, we are not crushed; although we are repeatedly at a total loss as to what we should do next, nevertheless, we are not in a state of despair;          

         

2 Cor. 4:9 Being persecuted, but not being abandoned, being knocked down, but not being destroyed,          

        

2 Cor. 4:10 Always bearing in our mortal life the constant danger of spiritual death experienced by Jesus, so that the life characterized by Jesus might also be revealed in our seat of daily life [experiential sanctification].

         

2 Cor. 4:11 Moreover, we who continually live under the constant danger of death because of Jesus are frequently delivered, so that the life characterized by Jesus might in addition be revealed in our mortal life here on earth [experiential sanctification].        

       

2 Cor. 4:12 Therefore, the constant danger of death operates among us, but life [operates] in you.       

2 Cor. 4:13 Moreover, since we have the same Spirit of faith, (according to what was written in the past and stands written: "I believed, therefore I have spoken"), we also believe, therefore we also make it a practice to speak,     

     

2 Cor. 4:14 Knowing that He Who resurrected the Lord Jesus shall also, together with Jesus, resurrect us and present us together with you.      

   

2 Cor. 4:15 Indeed, all kinds of things [are supplied] for your benefit, so that the grace which multiplied through many because of thanksgiving might super-abound to the glory of God.    

   

2 Cor. 4:16 Therefore, we are not discouraged. But if our outer man is in a state of progressive decay, nevertheless, our inner man is being progressively renewed day by day [experiential sanctification].   

 

2 Cor. 4:17 For the momentary, insignificant pressure that corresponds with our extreme circumstances [testing] is preparing for us a far more surpassing eternal fullness of glory,  

 

2 Cor. 4:18 If we do not make it a habit to focus on things which can be observed against us, but rather things which cannot be observed. For the things which can be observed are temporary, but the things which cannot be observed are eternal.

 

2 Cor. 5:1 For we know beyond any shadow of a doubt that when our earthly home, that is tent, is dissolved, we will receive a structure from God [resurrection body], a home not made by hands, eternal, in the heavens,                     

                    

2 Cor. 5:2 For indeed, in this we keep on groaning, longing to put on our home which is out from heaven.                    

                  

2 Cor. 5:3 Moreover, if we have indeed clothed ourselves [put on our white garments: experiential sanctification], we shall not be found naked [in a resurrection body without clothing].

                        

2 Cor. 5:4 For indeed, we who are still living in this tent, being weighed down by this burden, continue to groan, in spite of which we do not wish ourselves to be unclothed as a result, but rather clothed as a result, so that mortal life might be swallowed up by glorious life.                 

                

2 Cor. 5:5 Furthermore, He Who prepared this very thing for us is God, Who also gave to us the down payment of the Spirit.                

               

2 Cor. 5:6 Therefore, while maintaining confidence at all times, and knowing that while we are at home in our physical body, we are living abroad away from the Lord,               

              

2 Cor. 5:7 We keep on conducting our life by means of doctrine, not by means of outward appearances;               

             

2 Cor. 5:8 But we are confident and will be all the more pleased to be away from our physical body and to be present face-to-face with the Lord.              

             

2 Cor. 5:9 Therefore, we ourselves also keep on making it our goal, whether we are present in our home or absent from our home, to be a delight to Him.             

           

2 Cor. 5:10 Why? Because we all will be made manifest before the judgment seat of Christ, in order that each person may receive back things [rewards and decorations] according to what was practiced through the physical body, whether valuable [gold, silver, precious stones] or worthless [wood, hay, stubble].           

   

2 Cor. 5:11 Therefore, since we experience profound respect for the Lord, we continue to reassure men, even though we have been completely exposed to God, and as a result I also confidently hope to be completely exposed before your conscience.          

         

2 Cor. 5:12 Again, we are not commending ourselves to you, but rather giving you an opportunity for boasting on our behalf, so that you may have more than enough reasons for the sake of those [certain false teachers] who continually boast about themselves by means of an outward show and not by means of the mentality of the soul.         

         

2 Cor. 5:13 Indeed, if we were radical, enthusiastic ministers, it was to God; if we are reasonable, prudent ministers, it is for you.         

        

2 Cor. 5:14 For the love of Christ encircles and motivates us, because we have determined this: that One died for every category of mankind [Jews & Gentiles, male & female, slave & free, rich & poor] , therefore every category of mankind died.        

      

2 Cor. 5:15 Furthermore, He died as a substitute for every category of mankind [Jews & Gentiles, male & female, slave & free, rich & poor], so that they who are still alive should no longer live for themselves, but for Him Who died as a substitute for them and was subsequently resurrected.      

     

2 Cor. 5:16 So that from now on, in no respect do we evaluate a person according to human norms and standards; even if we knew Christ according to human norms and standards, nevertheless now we no longer know Him in this manner.     

    

2 Cor. 5:17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; former things passed away, then suddenly new things came into existence;     

    

2 Cor. 5:18 Moreover, all manner of things [spiritual blessings] are from the God Who reconciled us to Himself through Christ, and Who has given to us the ministry which leads to this reconciliation,   

   

2 Cor. 5:19 How that God was in Christ when He reconciled the world to Himself, not crediting to their account their trespasses, and placing in us the doctrine of reconciliation,   

 

2 Cor. 5:20 Therefore, we are ambassadors on behalf of Christ, so that God may issue His divine summons through us; we keep on exhorting on behalf of Christ: "Be reconciled to God."  

 

2 Cor. 5:21 He Who never experienced sin bore sin as a substitute for us, with the result that we will become the righteousness of God in Him.

 

2 Cor. 6:1 Therefore, since we are co-workers, we also ask that you do not receive the grace of God in vain [don’t be saved by grace and then attempt to grow by keeping the law],                  

                 

2 Cor. 6:2 For He said: "I listened to you on a particular occasion, and I helped you during the time of deliverance." Suddenly, at this very moment, the time is ripe; suddenly, at this very moment, it is a day for salvation.               

               

2 Cor. 6:3 Do not give offence in any way, so that the ministry may not be faulted,               

              

2 Cor. 6:4 But in all respects continually demonstrating ourselves as God's ministers, with great perseverance during outside pressures, during distress, during difficulties,               

             

2 Cor. 6:5 During beatings, during imprisonment, during mob violence, during hard labor, during sleeplessness, during starvation,               

            

2 Cor. 6:6 By means of pureness, by means of technical knowledge, by means of grace orientation, by means of a relaxed mental attitude, by means of the Holy Spirit, by means of bonified virtue love,             

           

2 Cor. 6:7 By means of the Word of Truth, by means of God's inherent power, through the weapons of righteousness characterized by the offensive right hand and characterized by the defensive left hand,            

          

2 Cor. 6:8 Through a time of praise or a time of humilation, through a time of slander or a time of good report, while considered deceitful or considered honest,           

         

2 Cor. 6:9 When being repeatedly disregarded or while being completely understood, when repeatedly facing death or even while we are still alive, when we are being disciplined, but not being put to death,          

        

2 Cor. 6:10 While distressed, but always full of inner happiness; while inferior, continually enriching many; while possessing nothing, but holding on to all kinds of things.        

       

2 Cor. 6:11 Our speech is open and frank face-to-face with you, Corinthians; our minds have been opened wide;        

      

2 Cor. 6:12 You are not being limited by us; instead, you are being limited by your emotions;       

2 Cor. 6:13 Therefore, for the sake of responding in the same manner, on the grounds that I am speaking to children, start allowing yours [your minds] to also be opened wide.      

    

2 Cor. 6:14 Stop the practice of being mismated with unbelievers [believers marrying unbelievers], for what partnership can there be between righteousness and lawlessness? Or what mutual relationship can there be between light in the company of darkness?    

   

2 Cor. 6:15 As a matter of fact, what common ground is there between Christ in the company with Belial? Or what commonality can there be between a believer in company with an unbeliever?   

  

2 Cor. 6:16 Moreover, what agreement is there between the temple of God in company with idols? Indeed, you are a living temple of God, just as God said: "I will live in them and live among them, and I will be their God and they will be My people." 

 

2 Cor. 6:17 "Therefore, come out from the middle of them and be separated," said the Lord, "and stop touching the unclean; then I will welcome you," 

 

2 Cor. 6:18 "and I will be a Father unto you, and you shall be sons and daughters unto Me," said the Lord Almighty. 

 

2 Cor. 7:1 Therefore, since we have these promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from every type of defilement against the flesh and human spirit, for the purpose of making continual progress with reference to the spiritual life with profound respect for God.              

              

2 Cor. 7:2 Make room for us [Paul and his colleagues] in your hearts; we have harmed nobody, we have corrupted nobody, we have cheated nobody.               

             

2 Cor. 7:3 I am not speaking for the purpose of condemnation, since I have repeatedly said in the past and will say yet again that you are in our hearts for the purpose of living together and eventually dying together.             

             

2 Cor. 7:4 Great is my confidence concerning you, great is my boasting about you. I have been completely filled in the past and will continue to be filled with encouragement in the future; I am constantly being flooded with inner happiness under every type of outside pressure for our benefit.           

           

2 Cor. 7:5 For indeed, when we finally arrived in Macedonia, our flesh had in no respect received relief, but continually experienced pressures in every category: fistfights on the outside, fears on the inside.          

          

2 Cor. 7:6 But He Who keeps on encouraging those without confidence, our God, encouraged us by the arrival of Titus,         

         

2 Cor. 7:7 And not only by his arrival, but also by the encouragement with which he had been encouraged concerning you, reporting to us your longing, your mourning, your zeal for me, so that as a result I was more than ever full of inner happiness.        

        

2 Cor. 7:8 For if I indeed grieved you with a letter, I am not sorry, although I began with regret, since I understand that that letter, if only for a moment, grieved you.        

       

2 Cor. 7:9 At the present time I am full of inner happiness, not because you were grieved, but because you were grieved to the point of turning from your sins, for you were grieved according to the purpose of God, so that you might in no way receive discipline from us.        

      

2 Cor. 7:10 For grief that originates from the purpose of God always brings about a turning from one's sins, free from regret, with a result of spiritual deliverance, but grief from the world system always produces spiritual death.         

     

2 Cor. 7:11 As a matter of fact, here is a perfect example. While you were being disciplined according to the purpose of God, how much diligent effort did it eventually produce in you? Certainly an eagerness to remedy the situation, and not only this but agony over the enormity of your sin, and not only this but respect for the administration of divine discipline, and not only this but a longing for the return of peace, and not only this but a zeal for producing fruit, and not only this but humble submission to divine judgment. In every conceivable way you proved yourselves to be uncontaminated with reference to the [incestuous] affair.    

    

2 Cor. 7:12 Consequently, even though I wrote to you, I wrote not for the sake of the person who was guilty of causing harm, nor for the person who received harm, but for the sake of our diligent effort which has been made evident on your behalf in the presence of God.    

   

2 Cor. 7:13 For this reason, we have been encouraged in the past and we will continue to be encouraged in the future. Moreover, in addition to this, we received all the more inner happiness due to our ever increasing abundance of encouragement corresponding to the inner happiness of Titus, because his human spirit was refreshed in the past and continues to be refreshed by all of you.   

  

2 Cor. 7:14 For if I said something boastful to him concerning you, I have not been disappointed, not only because we communicated all categories of things in truth to you, but in the same manner, our boasting before Titus also came true.   

 

2 Cor. 7:15 As a matter of fact, his affections for you are all the more abundant whenever he remembers the obedience of you all, how with profound respect and trembling you welcomed him. 

 

2 Cor. 7:16 I am happy that I have confidence in you in every respect.

 

2 Cor. 8:1 Now we are going to disclose to you, brethren, the grace of God which was brought about in the past and continues to be bestowed among the assemblies of Macedonia,                       

2 Cor. 8:2 Since during a great test of outside pressure, the superabundance of their inner happiness (and to the same extent their extreme poverty) multiplied into a wealth of personal, singlehearted devotion [generous grace giving],                      

                     

2 Cor. 8:3 For according to their ability, I will confirm, even beyond their ability, this was of their own accord,                    

                    

2 Cor. 8:4 Imploring us most insistently concerning a grace gift, even a partnership with reference to a contribution for the saints,                   

                   

2 Cor. 8:5 And not to the degree that we had anticipated, but first they entrusted themselves to the Lord, and then by means of God's will to us,                    

                  

2 Cor. 8:6 With the result that we ourselves appealed to Titus, so that to the degree that he had begun beforehand, he might in the same way also bring to fruition among you this grace gift as well.                  

                  

2 Cor. 8:7 Moreover, just as you continue to superabound in every manner: by faith-rest and by sharing the Word and by studying the Word and by every manner of diligent effort and by the virtue love from yourselves to us - superabound by this grace gift as well.                 

                

2 Cor. 8:8 I am not speaking by way of an authoritative command, but because of the diligence of others and my desire to demonstrate the genuineness of your virtue love.                

                

2 Cor. 8:9 Now you are familiar with the grace orientation of our Lord Jesus Christ, that although He was rich, for your benefit He became poor, so that by His extreme poverty you might become rich.               

              

2 Cor. 8:10 Moreover, I will render an opinion in this matter: Indeed, this (grace orientation) was to your advantage, whoever not only began to exercise this (grace-oriented spiritual life), but was also willing to resume (the grace-oriented spiritual life) a year ago,               

             

2 Cor. 8:11 And now may also complete (the grace-oriented spiritual life) that you started to do, so that just as your zeal to be willing began, in the same manner may you likewise complete the course in the days to come by means of what you currently possess.             

            

2 Cor. 8:12 Therefore, assuming this eagerness still exists, it may be considered acceptable when according to standards, not when it is considered not according to standards.           

            

2 Cor. 8:13 And certainly the purpose of financial relief for others is not to cause financial pressure upon you, nor by reason of a matter of equality.           

          

2 Cor. 8:14 At the present time, your financial overflow may be for the purpose of their need, so that their financial overflow might likewise be for the purpose of your need someday, in order that there might be a mutually beneficial result,         

         

2 Cor. 8:15 Just as it stands written: "He who greatly increased did not amass an excessive amount, and he who was in need did not endure an inadequate amount."        

        

2 Cor. 8:16 But thanks be to God Who produced the same eagerness on your behalf in the mentality of Titus,        

       

2 Cor. 8:17 Since on the one hand, he accepted the request, but on the other hand, quite eagerly placing himself at your disposal, he went face-to-face with you of his own accord.      

      

2 Cor. 8:18 In addition, we sent along with him a fellow believer whose commendable teaching in the good news is recognized throughout all the assemblies,      

     

2 Cor. 8:19 And not only this, but was also chosen by the assemblies as our traveling companion to accompany us with this grace contribution, which will be administered by us for the praise of the Lord Himself and our dedication,     

    

2 Cor. 8:20 For the purpose of avoiding this: that no one should find fault with us with reference to this generous financial contribution which will be administered by us,    

   

2 Cor. 8:21 For we always try to take care of things honestly, not only in the presence of the Lord, but also in the sight of men.   

  

2 Cor. 8:22 In addition, we sent along with them our brother, whom we have examined, tested and proved to be repeatedly diligent in many things, and now exceptionally diligent because of the enormous trust placed in him by you. 

 

2 Cor. 8:23 Next regarding Titus: he is my partner and fellow-worker on your behalf; then our colleagues, messengers from the assemblies, reputable on behalf of Christ.

 

2 Cor. 8:24 Therefore, keep on giving an indication to them, evidence of your virtue love and of our boasting on your behalf face-to-face before the assemblies.

 

2 Cor. 9:1 Now indeed, concerning support for the saints, it is unnecessary for me to write to you,             

             

2 Cor. 9:2 For I know quite well and have confidence in your positive motivation, which I continually take pride in and boast about you to the Macedonians, [since Achaia has been in the process of preparing themselves since last year], because your positive motivation stirred up many,            

            

2 Cor. 9:3 However, I have dispatched fellow believers, so that our boasting about you might not be rendered void with reference to this incomplete matter, in order that, just as I stated previously, you might be making preparations;           

           

2 Cor. 9:4 Otherwise, if Macedonians return with me and find you unprepared, we (I don't necessarily mean you) may be humiliated in this conviction.          

          

2 Cor. 9:5 Therefore, I considered it necessary to urge my fellow believers (3-man collection team) that they might proceed ahead of me to you and prepare in advance your previously promised contribution, which might be prepared as though a voluntary gift and not as something one feels forced to give.         

         

2 Cor. 9:6 However, this remains true: "He who makes it a habit to sow sparingly [reluctantly] shall also reap sparingly, but he who makes it a habit to sow bountifully [graciously] shall also reap bountifully."        

        

2 Cor. 9:7 Each person should always decide according to the mentality of his soul, not reluctantly, nor under compulsion, for God loves a giver with a relaxed mental attitude.       

       

2 Cor. 9:8 Moreover, God has the inherent power to make every grace gift superabound to your advantage, so that when you think self-sufficiently in all types of circumstances, you may continue to superabound in every category of intrinsically good work.      

      

2 Cor. 9:9 Just as it stands written: "He was generous, he gave to the poor, his righteousness will abide during his age [lifetime]."     

     

2 Cor. 9:10 "Likewise, He Who keeps on providing resources for the purpose of sowing and bread for the purpose of eating, shall continue to provide and multiply your resources, as well as increasing the harvest from your charity,"    

    

2 Cor. 9:11 So that you will be enriched in every way as concerns each category of generosity, which keeps on accomplishing through us gratitude towards God,   

   

2 Cor. 9:12 Because the support of this ministry is not only for the purpose of providing what is lacking by the saints, but also for the purpose of continuing to superabound with ever-increasing gratitudes toward God.   

  

2 Cor. 9:13 Meanwhile they [the Jerusalem saints] are glorifying God, due to the evidence of this ministry, on the basis of obedience to your profession concerning the good news of Christ and the generosity related to your contribution to them and to all others,  

 

2 Cor. 9:14 As they also, with prayers on your behalf, long for you, because of the surpassing grace of God upon you.  

 

2 Cor. 9:15 Thanks be to God for His indescribable gift.

 

2 Cor. 10:1 Now, I myself, Paul, encourage you by the genuine humility and grace orientation of Christ, who, on the one hand, when in your presence, seem meek and mild, but on the other hand, when I am absent, I am rather courageous towards you,              

              

2 Cor. 10:2 But on the contrary, I am praying that when I was present, I did not act boldly with arrogant self-confidence, supposing myself to be presumptuously brave in the presence of some who consequently consider us as walking according to the flesh.             

             

2 Cor. 10:3 For although we walk in an earthly body, we are not continually fighting a battle according to the norms and standards of the flesh,             

            

2 Cor. 10:4 (For the weapons of our warfare are not material, but powerful according to the norms and standards of God, for the purpose of tearing down fortresses [satanic strongholds], for the purpose of overthrowing false concepts [cosmic thinking]),           

           

2 Cor. 10:5 And every classification of arrogant mental obstacle [human viewpoint panacea] contrary to the knowledge of God [divine viewpoint], that is, with the result that every category of thought process [intellectual rationale] is brought into strict obedience to Christ,            

          

2 Cor. 10:6 As well as maintaining a state of mental preparation [disciplined doctrinal garrison in the soul] for the ultimate purpose of correcting every occasion of disobedience [immediate confession of sin and restoration to fellowship], as often as your obedience [desire to follow God's protocol plan] aspires to be brought to completion [attainment of spiritual maturity].           

2 Cor. 10:7 You are in the habit of observing things [superficially] according to external appearance [subjectivity]. If anyone has convinced himself that he is continually living by means of Christ, let him consider this: that just as he is living by means of Christ, likewise, also are we.          

2 Cor. 10:8 For though I could boast superiority over anyone on account of our authority, which the Lord delegated for the purpose of strengthening and not for the purpose of tearing you down, I shall not be put to shame [not ashamed of possessing or exercising my authority],        

       

2 Cor. 10:9 So that I might not obtain a reputation [among those who are in human viewpoint subjectivity] on the grounds that I intimidate [rebuke] you by means of letters,        

      

2 Cor. 10:10 Because on the one hand, his letters, they [Paul's critics] allege, are weighty [too much doctrine] and powerful [too harsh], but on the other hand, his bodily presence is weak and his speech is counted as nothing [contemptible].       

     

2 Cor. 10:11 May this kind of person [critic of both the message and the man] consider this: perhaps it is possible that we are teaching through letters when we are absent [non face-to-face teaching], similar [consistent], as a matter of fact, to the overt expression of that activity when we are present [face-to-face teaching].    

    

2 Cor. 10:12 For we are not so presumptuous [we wouldn't dare] as to classify [they are out of our class] or compare [our standards are inferior] ourselves with those [false teachers] who make it a practice to recommend themselves. As a matter of fact, these individuals who make it a practice to measure themselves by themselves and who make it a practice to compare themselves to themselves [mutual admiration society], are not collectively [as an elite group] intelligent [the entire group is without spiritual understanding].   

   

2 Cor. 10:13 Now we ourselves will not boast beyond limits, but rather within the measure of the limits [of authority] that God assigned to us for a measure, extending even as far as you [including Corinth].  

  

2 Cor. 10:14 For we did not ever extend ourselves beyond the limits of our authority when reaching out to you [in Corinth], (although we did reach out even as far as to you [Corinth] with the gospel of Christ), 

 

2 Cor. 10:15 Not boasting beyond limits in the labors of others, but possessing confidence that your intake and application of doctrine will continue to increase, since it [doctrinal teaching] was extended to you within our limits with abundant results,

 

2 Cor. 10:16 For the purpose of spreading the good news to lands beyond you, not for the purpose of boasting on the work already done within the limits of another man.

 

2 Cor. 10:17 So then, he who is in the habit of boasting, let him make it a practice to boast in the Lord,

 

2 Cor. 10:18 For it is not the person who recommends himself that is approved, but always whom the Lord tests and approves.

 

2 Cor. 11:1 I hope you can tolerate me regarding something a little foolish, and not only this, but also please give patient attention to me.                              

                             

2 Cor. 11:2 For I am deeply concerned for you with a profound Godly interest, for I promised you in marriage to one husband, hoping to present you an undefiled virgin to Christ,                                                           

2 Cor. 11:3 But I fear that in some way, as the serpent deceived Eve by means of his craftiness, your minds might become corrupted from single-hearted devotion (as well as purity) against Christ.                             

                           

2 Cor. 11:4 For example, when a person [false teacher] arrives on the scene repeatedly preaching another of the same kind of Jesus [the same historical Jesus but with something added] whom we [Paul and his colleagues] have not preached, or you receive another of a different kind of spirit [the spirit of legalism rather than the spirit of grace] which you have not previously received or another of a different kind of good news [something in addition to and superior to what Paul taught] which you have not previously accepted, you always give kind [unwavering adoration] patient attention to him [the false teacher].                          

                          

2 Cor. 11:5 For I conclude after an objective personal evaluation that I have not been in the past and am in no way now inferior to the highly-exalted apostles.                          

                         

2 Cor. 11:6 As a matter of fact, even though I may be unskilled with reference to speech [inadequate verbal communication skills], I am not, however, [unskilled] with reference to information [doctrinal principles]; on the contrary, on every occasion we have made the truth known to you in every category of thing [comprehensive systematic theology].                          

                        

2 Cor. 11:7 Have I even committed a sin by continuing to support myself under humble circumstances [making tents to pay his living expenses] so that you might be spiritually exalted, because I preached the good news of God to you without cost?                        

                       

2 Cor. 11:8 I robbed other assemblies [mature believers] by receiving compensation for the purpose of ministering to you [carnal believers],                       

                       

2 Cor. 11:9 And when I was present face-to-face with you and was in need of financial assistance, I was not a financial burden to anyone, (for fellow believers who came from Macedonia supplied me what I was lacking), and in every circumstance I have maintained myself at no financial cost to you, and [because of your immaturity in financial matters] I will continue to maintain myself.                      

                     

2 Cor. 11:10 The truth from Christ keeps on residing in me, so that this boasting [in financial independence] shall not be silenced as it pertains to me in the regions of Achaia.                     

                    

2 Cor. 11:11 For what reason? Because I no longer continue to extend virtue love towards you? God knows better!                    

                    

2 Cor. 11:12 Moreover, what I am currently doing [supporting myself financially], I also plan to keep on doing, so that I might remove the occasion for those [false apostles] who are constantly desiring an opportunity [to receive money], so that while they are boasting [in their assumed status as apostles] they may also be found just as us [able to support themselves].                   

                   

2 Cor. 11:13 Indeed, such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, who are constantly transforming themselves with clever disguises [masquerading] into apostles of Christ.                  

2 Cor. 11:14 And it's no wonder, since Satan himself is constantly transforming himself with clever disguises [masquerading] into an angel of light.                 

                 

2 Cor. 11:15 It is no great accomplishment, therefore, if his [Satan's] ministers also make it a practice to transform themselves with clever disguises [masquerading] as ministers of righteousness [legalistic do-gooders], whose ultimate end [determined at the Great White Throne] shall be according to their production [burned].                

                

2 Cor. 11:16 I say again, don't anyone suppose me to be a fool, but if this isn't possible, then please welcome me as a fool [just like I was a false apostle], so that I also may boast a little about something [even if all I can boast about is being a fool].               

               

2 Cor. 11:17 What I am attempting to communicate [through the foolishness of sarcasm], I am not communicating against the norms and standards of the Lord [sanctified sarcasm is a legitimate teaching device], but rather on the grounds of the foolishness associated with this confident boasting.              

              

2 Cor. 11:18 Since many [Judaizers] are making it a practice to boast according to the norms and standards of the flesh, I also will make it a practice to boast,             

             

2 Cor. 11:19 For you [Corinthians] always gladly give patient attention to fools [every false teacher that comes through town], since you are so thoughtful and wise.             

            

2 Cor. 11:20 For you [Corinthians] continue to give patient attention to anyone [false teacher], even if someone brings you into the slavery of legalism, even if someone exploits you, even if someone collects [financial maintenance] from you, even if someone behaves arrogantly, even if someone punches you in the face.            

            

2 Cor. 11:21 I am speaking about mis-evaluation, under the pretext that we [Christians in general] have been and continually appear inept [without common sense or discernment]. However, when someone in this situation [a false teacher] appears to be courageous [an erroneous subjective evaluation], (I am speaking with foolishness, [tongue in cheek]), I myself am courageous [a correct objective evaluation].          

          

2 Cor. 11:22 Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I.          

         

2 Cor. 11:23 Are they ministers of Christ? I will speak on behalf of myself [as compared to the false teachers] as though I'm out of my mind: in hardships, to a greater degree; in imprisonments, more often; in beatings, much more severe; in danger of death, quite frequently.         

        

2 Cor. 11:24 From the Jews five times I received forty stripes, less one.        

       

2 Cor. 11:25 I was beaten with wooden rods three times. I was stoned once. I was shipwrecked three times. I endured a night and a day in the open sea.       

      

2 Cor. 11:26 On journeys often, in perils related to flooded rivers, in perils related to robbers, in perils from my own family, in perils from Gentiles, in perils in the inner city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren,     

     

2 Cor. 11:27 In tiresome labor and hardships, in sleeplessness often, in hunger and thirst, in involuntary deprivations often, in cold weather and without sufficient clothing,    

    

2 Cor. 11:28 And in addition to those left-out [not on the list] things [that I just enumerated] is the pressure upon me that occurs daily: anxiety [apostolic care and concern] for all the assemblies.     

   

2 Cor. 11:29 Who [false teacher] is occasionally weary, yet am I not constantly weary? Who [false teacher] is being occasionally doubted, yet am I not being constantly treated with inflamed, self-righteous indignation?   

  

2 Cor. 11:30 Since it appears necessary to boast [an unfortunate custom in Corinth], I will make it a practice to boast about things related to my inability.  

 

2 Cor. 11:31 The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ knows for certain, (He Who is blessed unto the ages [forever]), that I am not lying. 

 

2 Cor. 11:32 In Damascus, the governor of Aretus the king attempted to guard the city of the Damascenes for the purpose of arresting me, 

 

2 Cor. 11:33 But by means of a window through the wall I was lowered in a rope-basket and escaped his hands.

 

2 Cor. 12:1 On the one hand, it is not necessary to boast for the purpose of gaining an advantage [over the false teachers], but on the other hand, I will on occasion experience visions and revelations from the Lord.                    

                  

2 Cor. 12:2 I knew a man in Christ fourteen years ago, (whether in the body I do not know or out of the body I do not know, God knows), such a person who was transported as far as the third heaven [abode of God].                   

                 

2 Cor. 12:3 Again, I knew such a man, (whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, God knows),                 

                

2 Cor. 12:4 That was transported into Paradise and heard words [doctrinal truths] too sacred for him to be able to communicate, concerning which it is not permitted [against divine policy] for a man to communicate.                

               

2 Cor. 12:5 On behalf of such a person [someone else who has such an extraordinary experience] I will continue to rejoice, but on behalf of myself I will not boast, except in my weaknesses.                             

2 Cor. 12:6 For if I choose to boast, I will not become a fool [like the false apostles], since I will always speak the truth; however, I am refraining [from boasting] so nobody may evaluate me as above [superior to] what he is able to see nor whatever he may hear from [about] me.              

             

2 Cor. 12:7 Furthermore, with reference to the surpassing quality of revelations [what Paul learned in the third heaven], so that I might not become puffed up with pride, for this reason, a thorn against the flesh was inflicted upon me, a messenger of Satan, for the purpose of repeatedly tormenting me [when necessary], so that as a result I might not become puffed up with pride.                         

2 Cor. 12:8 I begged the Lord three times concerning this [thorn in the flesh: torment from the fallen angel], so that it might depart from me.             

           

2 Cor. 12:9 But He replied: "My grace provision is always enough for you, for the power [delegated divine omnipotence] finds full strength with weakness [progressive phases of suffering]." All the more, therefore, will I boast in my weaknesses [progressive phases of suffering], so that as a result the [delegated divine omnipotent] power of Christ might rest upon me.             

          

2 Cor. 12:10 Therefore, I remain content in weaknesses [progressive phases of suffering], during insults, in distress, during persecutions and calamities on behalf of Christ, for when I am weak [relying totally on divine grace resources], then I become strong [able to live a powerful Christian life].             

         

2 Cor. 12:11 I have become a fool [by boasting]; you [Corinthians] compelled me. For I should have been commended by you, for in no respect [in absolutely nothing] am I inferior to those extra-special apostles, even if I am a nobody.        

        

2 Cor. 12:12 Indeed, the miraculous signs of an apostle were produced among you with absolute patient endurance [evidence of Paul's supergrace life]: miraculous warning signs, and not only these but also wonderous predictions of coming events and powerful miracles.        

       

2 Cor. 12:13 Why is it, then, that you are worse off, far beyond the other assemblies, if not because I myself was not a financial burden to you? Please forgive me for this injustice.       

      

2 Cor. 12:14 Look! This is the third time I have prepared to return face-to-face to you; moreover, I will not be a financial burden. Indeed, I am not seeking financial support from you, but rather you [personally]. For children should not provide financial support for their parents, but rather parents for their children.     

     

2 Cor. 12:15 However, I myself will gladly spend freely and be completely spent [exhaust myself] on behalf of your souls, even if while I am functioning with virtue love towards you, I receive less virtue love in return.     

    

2 Cor. 12:16 Although this may be true [that I receive less virtue love than I give], I myself did not financially burden you, nor by being craftily at your disposal did I trap you by deceitful means.    

   

2 Cor. 12:17 Concerning those [apostolic messengers] whom I sent face-to-face to you in the past, did I ever take advantage of you through them?   

  

2 Cor. 12:18 I encouraged Titus [to ask for travel expenses] and even sent along with him a brother. Did Titus ever take advantage of you? Have we [Paul and Titus] not always walked by means of the same Spirit? And not in the same footsteps [following Christ]?  

 

2 Cor. 12:19 All this time that you thought [presumed] we were defending ourselves to you, instead, beloved, we were communicating all manner of things [doctrinal categories] before God in Christ [as witnesses] for the purpose of strengthening you [building a doctrinal, edification structure in your soul]. 

 

2 Cor. 12:20 Indeed, I am seriously concerned [leery] that when I return, in some manner I may not find you in such condition [state of mind] as I would like, and I myself may not be found in such condition [state of mind] as you would like; for example: quarreling, jealousy, angry tempers, selfish ambitions, insults, gossiping, arrogance, mob violence,

 

2 Cor. 12:21 And not so my God can embarass me once again [by having to assert my authority] when I return face-to-face to you, since I might start grieving all over again for many who previously sinned and have not yet changed their minds [no reversion recovery] as concerns improper sexual conduct [promiscuity], both immorality [prostitution] and indecency [incest] which they have practiced.

 

2 Cor. 13:1 I had hoped [genuine desire] to return face-to-face to you with reference to this third attempt. On the evidence of two or three witnesses [if you don't believe me, ask Titus, Timothy, and the unknown brother], each attempt may be confirmed.         

        

2 Cor. 13:2 I said it before [in 1st Corinthians] and I am saying it again [in 2nd Corinthians], (as though I had successfully arrived [in Corinth] on the second attempt and have now departed), to those [guilty individuals] who made it a practice to live a lifestyle of sin in the past and are continuing to do so to this day as well as all the rest [struggling, borderline individuals], that if I return again, I will not spare you.       

       

2 Cor. 13:3 Since you are continually seeking proof [miraculous evidence] that Christ speaks in me, (Who is not weak [like Paul] towards you, but is powerful among you,       

      

2 Cor. 13:4 For though He was crucified by reason of weakness [humanity], He nevertheless lives by the power of God [deity]. Indeed, though we are weak in Him [crucified with Him], nevertheless we shall live together with Him [share in His resurrection] by the power of God among you.     

     

2 Cor. 13:5 Keep on examining yourselves as to whether you are in the sphere of doctrine [living daily by the Word of God]. Keep on confirming yourselves [honest evaluation of your spiritual status]. Don't you yourselves [each and every one of you individually] yet thoroughly understand that Jesus Christ is in you [indwelling of Christ], unless you are failing to meet the test [out of fellowship]?      

    

2 Cor. 13:6 Now I hope that you will come to know that we [Paul and his colleagues] are not reversionists [disqualified from Christ's indwelling].    

   

2 Cor. 13:7 Moreover, we [Paul & colleagues] pray face-to-face to God that you do nothing evil, not so that we may appear approved [having a reputation as good teachers], but so that you may keep on doing the honorable thing, though we ourselves [Paul & colleagues] might become reversionists.   

  

2 Cor. 13:8 For we are not able to do anything against the truth, but rather in support of the truth.     
 

2 Cor. 13:9 For we maintain inner happiness when we experience suffering [which is all the time], but you when you are spiritually strong [which infrequently occurs]. We also pray from time-to-time for your spiritual maturity [they can't mature spiritually without suffering for blessing].  

 

2 Cor. 13:10 For this reason [concern for your spiritual welfare], I am writing while absent, so that when I am present, I will not have to use that opportunity for severity according to the authority which the Lord has given me for the purpose of building up [construction: providing doctrine for the building of an edification complex of the soul] and not tearing down [destruction: administering divine discipline to reversionistic believers]. 

 

2 Cor. 13:11 Finally, brethren, be full of inner happiness [attain supergrace status], keep on being motivated to attain spiritual maturity [building an edification complex], keep on being encouraged [by the doctrine resident in your soul], live in harmony [impersonal love] with one another, live in peace [relaxed mental attitude], and the God of virtue love and peace shall be with you.

 

2 Cor. 13:12 Greet one another of the same kind [fellow believers] with respect [supergrace rapport] with a sacred kiss [handshake, salute].

 

2 Cor. 13:13 All the saints send respectful greetings to you.

 

2 Cor. 13:14 May grace [provision] from the Lord Jesus Christ and virtue love from God [the Father] and communion from the Holy Spirit be with you all.

 

 

Resources

 

The Comprehensive John Calvin Collection on CD-ROM, Commentary on 2 Corinthians, John Calvin, 1998, www.ageslibrary.com                    

                    

The Collected Writings of John Gill on CD-ROM, Exposition on 2 Corinthians, John Gill, 2000, www.ageslibrary.com                     

                    

The Expositor's Bible Commentary on CD-ROM, Commentary on 2 Corinthians, Frank E. Gaebelein, 2000, Zondervan Publishing House                    

                    

Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, 2 Corinthians, Colin Kruse, 1994, Inter-Varsity Press                                 

New Testament Exegesis, Werner Stenger, 1993, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company                                         

The New Testament - An Expanded Translation, 2 Corinthians, Kenneth S. Wuest, 1994, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company                    

                    

Tapes and Publications, Robert B. Thieme, Jr., 2 Corinthians, 1971 tapes, R.B. Thieme, Jr. Bible Ministries                    

                    

Christian Suffering, Robert B. Thieme, Jr., 1987, R.B. Thieme, Jr. Bible Ministries                    

                    

Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, Second Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, R.V.G. Tasker, 1979, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company                    

                   

A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Bruce M. Metzger, 1971, United Bible Societies                   

                   

Figures of Speech Used in the Bible, E.W. Bullinger, 1968, Baker Book House Company                                      

An Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Charles Hodge, 1980, Baker Book House Company                   

                  

Bible Knowledge Commentary, 2 Corinthians, David K. Lowery, 1983, Chariot Victor Publishing                  

                  

Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT), Gerhard Kittel, 1967, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company                  

                 

Conflict and Community in Corinth, Ben Witherington III, 1995, William B. Eerdmans/Paternoster Press                 

                

How To Enjoy the Bible, E.W. Bullinger, 1990, Kregel Publications                

               

Word Pictures in the New Testament, 2 Corinthians, Archibald T. Robertson, 1931, Baker Book House               

              

New International Biblical Commentary, 2 Corinthians, James M. Scott, 1998, Hendrickson Publishers              

              

Revised New Bible Commentary, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Norman Hillyer, 1970, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company              

             

Commentary on the Whole Bible, 2 Corinthians, Matthew Henry, 1991, Hendrickson Publishers                         

To What End Exegesis? Gordon D. Fee, 2001, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company                       

Meaning and Truth in 2 Corinthians, F. Young and D. Ford, 1987, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company           

          

Reign of the Servant Kings, Joseph Dillow, 1992, Schoettle Publishing Company         

         

Desiring God: Meditations of a Christian Hedonist, John Piper, 1996, Multnomah Press        

        

Word Studies in the New Testament, 2 Corinthians, Marvin R. Vincent, 1946, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company        

        

The Expositor's Greek New Testament, 2 Corinthians, J.H. Bernard, 2002, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc.       

       

The Pleasures of God: Meditations on God's Delight in Being God, John Piper, 2000, Multnomah Publishing      

      

God Forgives Sinners, W.E. Best, 1978, W.E.Best Missionary Trust     

     

Toward An Exegetical Theology: Biblical Exegesis For Preaching and Teaching, Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., 1981, Baker Book House     

     

Enmity in Corinth: Social Conventions in Paul's Relations with the Corinthians, P. Marshall, 1987, Tubingen Press    

    

Word Meanings in the New Testament, Ralph Earle, 1986, Beacon Hill Press   

   

The Divine Outline of History: Dispensations and the Church, Robert B. Thieme, Jr., 1989, R.B. Thieme, Jr. Bible Ministries  

  

Paul's Idea Of Community, Robert Banks, 1994, Hendrickson Publishers 

 

Paul, Moses, and the History of Israel: The Letter/Spirit Contrast and the Argument From Scripture in 2 Corinthians 3, Scott J. Hafemann, 1995, Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck Press

 

Biblical Hermeneutics: A Treatise on the Interpretation of the Old and New Testaments, Milton Terry, 1990, Academie Books

 

The Justification of God, John Piper, 1993, Baker Books

 

The Cross in the New Testament, Leon Morris, 1965, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company        

Anti-Semitism, R.B. Thieme, Jr., 1991, R.B. Thieme, Jr. Bible Ministries

 

The Hermeneutical Spiral, Grant R. Osborne, 1991, InterVarsity Press

 

Systematic Theology, Louis Berkof, 1981, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company        

 

The Integrity of God, Robert B. Thieme, Jr., 1998, R.B. Thieme, Jr. Bible Ministries

 

Satan: His Motives and Methods, Lewis Sperry Chafer, 1964, Zondervan Publishing House

 

Reversionism, Robert B. Thieme, Jr., 2000, R.B. Thieme, Jr. Bible Ministries

 

Death and the Afterlife, Robert A. Morey, 1984, Bethany House Publishers

 

The Sovereignty of Grace, Arthur C. Custance, 1979, Baker Book House

 

Still Sovereign: Contemporary Perspectives on Election, Foreknowledge, and Grace, Thomas S Schreiner & Bruce A. Ware, 2000, Baker Book House

 

By His Grace and For His Glory: A Historical, Theological, and Practical Study of the Doctrines of Grace in Baptist Life, Thomas J. Nettles, 1986, Baker Book House

 

The Saviour’s Definite Redemption, W.E. Best, 1982, WEBBMT Publishing

 

Second Corinthians, Denney

 

Eternal Security, Arthur W. Pink, 1974, Baker Book House

 

A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Second Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians, Alfred Plummer, 1915, T&T Clark Publishers

 

The Lord’s Freedman, Keith W. Lamb, 1995, Treasure House

 

Issues in Dispensationalism: The Imminent Return of the Lord, Earl D. Radmacher, 1994, Moody Press

 

Bible Commentary on 2 Corinthians, Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, 2002, Hendrickson Publishers

 

Paul’s Dilemma in 2 Corinthians 5:1-10: A Catch 22?, W.L. Craig, 1988, NTS

 

2 Corinthians, F.W. Danker, 1989, Augsburg Press

 

Jesus, Paul, and the End of the World, B. Witherington, III, 1992, Inter-Varsity Press

 

Things To Come: A Study in Biblical Eschatology, J. Dwight Pentecost, 1981, Zondervan Publishing

 

God Centered Evangelism, R.B. Kuiper, 1978, Banner of Truth Trust

 

The Millennial Kingdom: A Basic Text in Premillennial Theology, John F. Walvoord, 1978, Zondervan Publishing House

 

2 Corinthians, Simon Kistemaker, 1997, Baker Books

 

Redemption Accomplished and Applied, John Murray, 1980, Eerdmans Publishing

 

The Holy Spirit, Arthur W. Pink, 1970, Baker Book House

 

The Sovereign God, James M. Boice, 1978, Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship

 

Justification Before God, W.E. Best, 1992, WEBBMT

 

The Death of Death in the Death of Christ, Volume 10, John Owen, 1978, Banner of Truth Trust

 

Historical Theology: Volume II, William Cunningham, 1960, Banner of Truth Trust

 

The Case for Definite Atonement, Roger Nicole, 1967, Evangelical Society

 

The Atonement, Hugh Martin, 1871, Mack Publishing Company

 

Definite Atonement, Gary D. Long, 1977, Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company

 

For Whom Did Christ Die? A Study of the Divine Design of the Atonement, R.B. Kuiper

 

Biblical and Theological Studies, Benjamin Warfield, 1975, Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Company

 

2 Corinthians, Ralph P. Martin, 1988, Word Biblical Themes

 

Contributions Chiefly From Papyri and Inscriptions, Adolf Deissmann, 1901, Hendrickson

 

An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek, C.F.D. Moule, 1994, Cambridge University Press

 

Absolutely Free, Zane Hodges, 1989, Zondervan Publishing

 

Gifts of the Spirit, Ronald E. Baxter, 1983, Kregel Publications

 

Biblical Interpretation and the Church: The Problem of Contextualization, D.A. Carson, 1985, Thomas Nelson Publishers

 

Your Spiritual Gifts Can Help Your Church Grow, C. Peter Wagner, 1979, Regal Books

 

God the Redeemer, J.M. Boice, 1978, InterVarsity Press

 

New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Colin Brown: J. Stafford Wright, 1971, Zondervan Publishing

 

Exegetical Fallacies, D.A. Carson, 1984, Baker Books

 

Biblical Words & Their Meaning, Moises Silva, 1983, Academie Books

 

Biblical Hermeneutics, Walter Kaiser,1994, Zondervan Publishing

 

The Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians, Arthur P. Stanley, London, 1876

 

On Inoffensive Self-Praise, Cicero, Bantam Books

 

The Letters to the Corinthians, William Barclay, 1975, Westminister Press

 

Second Epistle to the Corinthians, James Reid, 1953, Abingdon Press

 

Commentary on 2 Corinthians, Lange, Eerdmans Publishing

 

Millennialism: The Two Views, Charles L. Feinberg, 1980, Moody Press

 

Systematic Theology Volume 2, L.S. Chafer, 1948, Dallas Seminary Press

 

Communion With God, J. Owen, 1980, Vol. 2, Banner of Truth Trust

 

Entrance Into the Kingdom, Robert Govett, 1978, Conley & Schoettle Publishing

 

2 Corinthians: The Grace New Testament Commentary, Dwight L. Hunt, 2010, Grace Evangelical Society