ATTENTION BIBLE STUDENTS:
My translation
of this book from the original languages is provided below. Everything inside brackets is commentary that is meant to
assist the reader in understanding certain doctrines and concepts germaine to the context.
2
Cor. 1:1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy, a brother, to the assembly of God which is in Corinth,
together with all the saints who are throughout Achaia:
2 Cor. 1:2 Grace to you and prosperity from God our Father and the Lord Jesus
Christ.
2 Cor. 1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father
of compassions, and God of all encouragement,
2 Cor. 1:4 Who keeps on encouraging us during all our outside pressures [trials
and tribulations], so that we might be able to encourage those who are under any category of outside pressure, by the encouragement
with which we ourselves have received repeated encouragement from God,
2 Cor. 1:5 For to the degree that the sufferings from Christ abound in us,
in the same way our encouragement [from the reservoir of Bible doctrine in our soul] may also abound through Christ.
2 Cor. 1:6 As a matter of fact, when we receive outside pressure: it is for
the sake of your encouragement and deliverance; when we receive encouragement: it is for the sake of your encouragement which
is put into operation by patient endurance [resting in the Word of God by faith] through your sufferings, which we have also
endured.
2 Cor. 1:7 Moreover, our basis of hope for you is well-grounded, knowing
that when you [mature believers only] are sharers of the sufferings, in the same way also the encouragement.
2 Cor. 1:8 For we do not want you, brethren, to be ignorant concerning the
outside pressure [mob violence] which happened to us in Asia, since in this case, we were tested to extreme
limits above and beyond our ability, to the extent that we even despaired to keep on living.
2 Cor. 1:9 As a matter of fact, we ourselves had the sentence of death in
our possession; moreover, we did not rely on ourselves, but upon God Who raises the dead,
2 Cor. 1:10 Who delivered us from terrible death in the past and keeps on
delivering, upon Whom we have confidence that He will deliver even more [on future occasions],
2 Cor. 1:11 as you join in and help us, namely by means of your prayer for
us, so that the gift of divine grace, by frequent opportunities among us, may receive thanks from many on our behalf.
2 Cor. 1:12 for our object of espirit-de-corps [corporate boasting], the
witness on behalf of our conscience, rests on this: that with single-minded devotion and pure motives before God, not by worldly
wisdom, but by the grace of God, we have been living in the world, and especially towards you.
2
Cor. 1:13 For we never write additional things [secretive, esoteric] to you than what you have repetitively learned [heard
in the past on numerous occasions] and what you recognize [already have them categorized in their soul], and that I hope you
will always recognize completely,
2
Cor. 1:14 Just as you have also come to know us well, to the degree that we are your object of espirit-de-corps, just as you
also are our in the day of the Lord Jesus.
2 Cor. 1:15 Moreover, with this confidence I planned to return face-to-face
to you on a prior occasion, so that you might obtain a second benefit [depending on whether they welcomed him or not],
2
Cor. 1:16 not only to pass through you on the way to Macedonia and to return to you from Macedonia [round trip], but also
to be accompanied by you to Judea.
2 Cor. 1:17 So, having made this plan, did I, therefore, behave in a fickle
manner? Or with reference to the things I had planned, was my planning according to the flesh, with the result that in my
case, it could be: Yes indeed or certainly not?
2 Cor. 1:18 On the contrary, God is faithful, so that our word to you is
never: yes and no.
2 Cor. 1:19 For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, Who was proclaimed to you by
us, (by myself and Silvanus and Timothy), did not become yes or no, but became yes in Him.
2
Cor. 1:20 For all the promises of God are yes in Him [veracity and immutability of God]; for this reason, also, through Him
comes the 'truly indeed' from us to the ultimate glory of God.
2 Cor. 1:21 Furthermore, He Who keeps on strengthening us [experiential sanctification]
with you [those who are maturing] in Christ, and has annointed us [at the point of salvation] is God,
2
Cor. 1:22 Who has also sealed us [positional sanctification] and given the guarantee [indwelling] of the Spirit in our minds.
2 Cor. 1:23 Moreover,
I appeal to God as a witness to my soul, that for the purpose of sparing you, I have not yet returned to Corinth,
2 Cor. 1:24 because
we do not want to dictate the terms of your doctrinal lifestyle; on the contrary, we are fellow-workers with reference to
your inner happiness, for you have repeatedly stood firm by means of doctrine.
2 Cor. 2:1 However, I myself decided this: that I would not return to you
again with regret.
2 Cor. 2:2 For if I bring you grief, who then is the one who will cheer me
up, but the same one who is grieved because of me?
2
Cor. 2:3 So I have written this very thing, so that when I arrived I would not receive grief from those whom I should receive
warm greetings, reassured by all of you that my inner happiness continues to exist, belonging to all of you.
2 Cor. 2:4 For indeed, due to intense outside pressure and anxiety of mentality,
I wrote to you with many tears, not so that you might become grieved, but so that you might come to know the virtue love which
I have to a great degree towards you.
2 Cor. 2:5 Now if anyone is still distressed [due to Paul’s corrective
rebukes in a former letter], he is injuring, not me, but to a degree, all of you, so that I will not bring the issue up again.
2 Cor. 2:6 Punishment to this kind of person
[the man caught in an incestuous affair] by the hands of the majority was sufficient,
2 Cor. 2:7 So accordingly, good judgment demands that you deal graciously
with him all the more [since he repented and asked to be restored to fellowship] and speak words of encouragement, otherwise,
in some way, such a person might be overwhelmed with unbearable grief.
2
Cor. 2:8 For this reason, I encourage you to prove your virtue love toward him;
2
Cor. 2:9 Indeed, I also wrote for this purpose, so that I might ascertain your character, whether you are obedient in all
manner of things.
2 Cor. 2:10 Moreover, to whom you forgive anything, I also; for I also deal
graciously, whenever I have forgiven something on your behalf before Christ,
2
Cor. 2:11 So we might not be taken advantage of by satan, for we are not ignorant of his methods.
2
Cor. 2:12 Furthermore, when I arrived at Troy with the good news about Christ, a door also being opened to me by the Lord,
2
Cor. 2:13 I had no relief in my spirit due to not finding Titus my brother, so after saying goodbye to them, I departed for
Macedonia.
2 Cor. 2:14 However, thanks be to God, Who always leads us in triumph in
Christ and brings to life the fragrant scent of His consideration for us in every geographical location,
2
Cor. 2:15 For we [ministers of the gospel then and now] are a fragrant aroma of Christ to God, among those who are being delivered
and among those who are perishing;
2
Cor. 2:16 On the one hand, one is a foul odor from the dying unto death [unbelievers]; on the other hand, one is a fragrant
scent from the living unto life [believers]. And who is sufficient for these things?
2
Cor. 2:17 For we are not like the majority who peddle the Word of God for profit, but rather as those with pure motives, and
not only this but also as from God, we communicate by means of Christ in the sight of God.
2
Cor. 3:1 Should we ourselves [Paul and his colleagues] begin once more to recommend ourselves? Or do we not need to have,
like others [certain false teachers], letters of recommendation to you or letters from you?
2 Cor. 3:2 You are the embodiment of our letter, which was written by our
minds, having been recognized and repeatedly studied and exegeted by all manner of men,
2 Cor. 3:3 which reveals that you are the
embodiment of a letter of Christ which was prepared under our authority, not written with ink, but with the Spirit of the
living God, not on stone tablets, but on the human tablets of the mind.
2 Cor. 3:4 Moreover, we keep on having such confidence face-to-face with
God through Christ,
2
Cor. 3:5 Not that we ourselves are competent to think anything as if out from ourselves, but rather our competency is out
from God,
2 Cor. 3:6 Who also made us capable ministers of a new covenant, not of the
letter [the law], but of the Spirit, for the letter always kills, but the Spirit always makes alive.
2
Cor. 3:7 But if the ministry of death [the law] by means of alphabetical letters engraved on stones [Mosaic law], appeared
with glory, (so that the sons of Israel were not able to fix their eyes on the face of Moses because of the glory of his countenance),
which was abolished [the legal dispensation is over],
2
Cor. 3:8 How is it not possible for the ministry of the Spirit to be much more glorious?
2
Cor. 3:9 For if the ministry of condemnation [the law] revealed the glory, much more, even to a great degree, the ministry
of righteousness superabounds with glory.
2 Cor. 3:10 For even that [the law] which became glorious was not exalted
to the same degree, because of the glory [of the Spirit] which surpasses.
2
Cor. 3:11 For if that which was abolished [the law] was with glory, much more, to a greater degree, that which endures [the
Spirit] in the sphere of glory.
2 Cor. 3:12 Having, therefore, such confidence, we exhibit a great degree
of boldness,
2 Cor. 3:13 And not like Moses putting a veil over his face so that the sons
of Israel could not fix their eyes on the goal of that which was abolished.
2 Cor. 3:14 On the contrary, their minds were made stubborn [supernatural
hardening]. For up to this very day, the same veil remains when reading the old covenant [they do not find Jesus Christ in
the OT], not being unveiled because it [the ministry of the law] was annulled in Christ.
2 Cor. 3:15 As a matter of fact, up to this very day, whenever Moses is read,
a veil exists upon their mind;
2
Cor. 3:16 But whenever it [Israel] changes its mind toward the Lord, the veil is removed from around the head.
2
Cor. 3:17 So then, the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty [freedom from the law].
2 Cor. 3:18 But we all,
who are ourselves able to see as in a mirror the glory of the Lord without the blindness imposed by the veil over the face,
are transformed according to the same image from one degree of glory to another degree of glory [experiential sanctification],
as from the Spirit of the Lord.
2
Cor. 4:1 Therefore, since we have this ministry [of the New Testament], inasmuch as we have received mercy, we are not discouraged,
2 Cor. 4:2 but have renounced hidden things [such as gnosticism or mysticism]
related to shameful deeds, not walking deceitfully, nor distorting the Word of God [mixing it with anthropocentric philosophies
or psychologies], but proving ourselves by bringing the truth to light face-to-face with each classification of conscience
of men before God.
2 Cor. 4:3 So then, if our gospel is being (kept) hidden, it is being (kept)
hidden among those who are perishing,
2
Cor. 4:4 Concerning whom the god [satan] over this age [world order] has blinded the thoughts of the unbelieving ones, so
that the illumination of the gospel of the glory of Christ, Who is the image of God, should not dawn on them.
2 Cor. 4:5 For we do not preach ourselves, but the Lord Jesus Christ, and
ourselves your bondslaves because of Jesus.
2 Cor. 4:6 Because it is the God, Who commanded that light shall shine forth
out of darkness, Who has given light into our minds for the purpose of illuminating the knowledge of the glory of God in the
face of Jesus Christ.
2 Cor. 4:7 Moreover, we have this treasure in earthen vessels [human bodies],
so that the surpassing quality of the beyond our ability power [divine omnipotence] is always made possible by God [His sovereignty],
and never out from us [our will is not the deciding factor],
2
Cor. 4:8 Although we are repeatedly subjected to every category of outside pressure, nevertheless, we are not crushed; although
we are repeatedly at a total loss as to what we should do next, nevertheless, we are not in a state of despair;
2
Cor. 4:9 Being persecuted, but not being abandoned, being knocked down, but not being destroyed,
2
Cor. 4:10 Always bearing in our mortal life the constant danger of spiritual death experienced by Jesus, so that the life
characterized by Jesus might also be revealed in our seat of daily life [experiential sanctification].
2 Cor. 4:11 Moreover, we who continually live under the constant danger of
death because of Jesus are frequently delivered, so that the life characterized by Jesus might in addition be revealed in
our mortal life here on earth [experiential sanctification].
2 Cor. 4:12 Therefore, the constant danger of death operates among us, but
life [operates] in you.
2
Cor. 4:13 Moreover, since we have the same Spirit of faith, (according to what was written in the past and stands written:
"I believed, therefore I have spoken"), we also believe, therefore we also make it a practice to speak,
2
Cor. 4:14 Knowing that He Who resurrected the Lord Jesus shall also, together with Jesus, resurrect us and present us together
with you.
2 Cor. 4:15 Indeed, all kinds of things [are supplied] for your benefit,
so that the grace which multiplied through many because of thanksgiving might super-abound to the glory of God.
2
Cor. 4:16 Therefore, we are not discouraged. But if our outer man is in a state of progressive decay, nevertheless, our inner
man is being progressively renewed day by day [experiential sanctification].
2 Cor. 4:17 For the momentary, insignificant pressure that corresponds with
our extreme circumstances [testing] is preparing for us a far more surpassing eternal fullness of glory,
2 Cor. 4:18 If we do
not make it a habit to focus on things which can be observed against us, but rather things which cannot be observed. For the
things which can be observed are temporary, but the things which cannot be observed are eternal.
2 Cor. 5:1 For we know beyond any shadow of a doubt that when our earthly
home, that is tent, is dissolved, we will receive a structure from God [resurrection body], a home not made by hands, eternal,
in the heavens,
2 Cor. 5:2 For indeed, in this we keep on groaning, longing to put on our
home which is out from heaven.
2 Cor. 5:3 Moreover, if we have indeed clothed ourselves [put on our white
garments: experiential sanctification], we shall not be found naked [in a resurrection body without clothing].
2 Cor. 5:4 For indeed, we who are still living in this tent, being weighed
down by this burden, continue to groan, in spite of which we do not wish ourselves to be unclothed as a result, but rather
clothed as a result, so that mortal life might be swallowed up by glorious life.
2 Cor. 5:5 Furthermore, He Who prepared this very thing for us is God, Who
also gave to us the down payment of the Spirit.
2 Cor. 5:6 Therefore, while maintaining confidence at all times, and knowing
that while we are at home in our physical body, we are living abroad away from the Lord,
2 Cor. 5:7 We keep on conducting our life by means of doctrine, not by means
of outward appearances;
2 Cor. 5:8 But we are confident and will be all the more pleased to be away
from our physical body and to be present face-to-face with the Lord.
2 Cor. 5:9 Therefore, we ourselves also keep on making it our goal, whether
we are present in our home or absent from our home, to be a delight to Him.
2 Cor. 5:10 Why? Because we all will be made manifest before the judgment
seat of Christ, in order that each person may receive back things [rewards and decorations] according to what was practiced
through the physical body, whether valuable [gold, silver, precious stones] or worthless [wood, hay, stubble].
2
Cor. 5:11 Therefore, since we experience profound respect for the Lord, we continue to reassure men, even though we have been
completely exposed to God, and as a result I also confidently hope to be completely exposed before your conscience.
2
Cor. 5:12 Again, we are not commending ourselves to you, but rather giving you an opportunity for boasting on our behalf,
so that you may have more than enough reasons for the sake of those [certain false teachers] who continually boast about themselves
by means of an outward show and not by means of the mentality of the soul.
2
Cor. 5:13 Indeed, if we were radical, enthusiastic ministers, it was to God; if we are reasonable, prudent ministers, it is
for you.
2 Cor. 5:14 For the love of Christ encircles and motivates us, because we
have determined this: that One died for every category of mankind [Jews & Gentiles, male & female, slave & free,
rich & poor] , therefore every category of mankind died.
2 Cor. 5:15 Furthermore, He died as a substitute for every category of mankind
[Jews & Gentiles, male & female, slave & free, rich & poor], so that they who are still alive should no longer
live for themselves, but for Him Who died as a substitute for them and was subsequently resurrected.
2
Cor. 5:16 So that from now on, in no respect do we evaluate a person according to human norms and standards; even if we knew
Christ according to human norms and standards, nevertheless now we no longer know Him in this manner.
2
Cor. 5:17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; former things passed away, then suddenly new things came
into existence;
2 Cor. 5:18 Moreover, all manner of things [spiritual blessings] are from
the God Who reconciled us to Himself through Christ, and Who has given to us the ministry which leads to this reconciliation,
2
Cor. 5:19 How that God was in Christ when He reconciled the world to Himself, not crediting to their account their trespasses,
and placing in us the doctrine of reconciliation,
2 Cor. 5:20 Therefore, we are ambassadors on behalf of Christ, so that God
may issue His divine summons through us; we keep on exhorting on behalf of Christ: "Be reconciled to God."
2 Cor. 5:21 He Who never
experienced sin bore sin as a substitute for us, with the result that we will become the righteousness of God in Him.
2 Cor. 6:1 Therefore, since we are co-workers, we also ask that you do not
receive the grace of God in vain [don’t be saved by grace and then attempt to grow by keeping the law],
2 Cor. 6:2 For He said: "I listened to you on a particular occasion,
and I helped you during the time of deliverance." Suddenly, at this very moment, the time is ripe; suddenly, at this
very moment, it is a day for salvation.
2 Cor. 6:3 Do not give offence in any way, so that the ministry may not be
faulted,
2 Cor. 6:4 But in all respects continually demonstrating ourselves as God's
ministers, with great perseverance during outside pressures, during distress, during difficulties,
2 Cor. 6:5 During beatings, during imprisonment, during mob violence, during
hard labor, during sleeplessness, during starvation,
2 Cor. 6:6 By means of pureness, by means of technical knowledge, by means
of grace orientation, by means of a relaxed mental attitude, by means of the Holy Spirit, by means of bonified virtue love,
2 Cor. 6:7 By means of the Word of Truth, by means of God's inherent
power, through the weapons of righteousness characterized by the offensive right hand and characterized by the defensive left
hand,
2 Cor. 6:8 Through a time of praise or a time of humilation, through a time
of slander or a time of good report, while considered deceitful or considered honest,
2
Cor. 6:9 When being repeatedly disregarded or while being completely understood, when repeatedly facing death or even while
we are still alive, when we are being disciplined, but not being put to death,
2
Cor. 6:10 While distressed, but always full of inner happiness; while inferior, continually enriching many; while possessing
nothing, but holding on to all kinds of things.
2 Cor. 6:11 Our speech is open and frank face-to-face with you, Corinthians;
our minds have been opened wide;
2 Cor. 6:12 You are not being limited by us; instead, you are being limited
by your emotions;
2 Cor. 6:13 Therefore,
for the sake of responding in the same manner, on the grounds that I am speaking to children, start allowing yours [your minds]
to also be opened wide.
2 Cor. 6:14 Stop the practice of being mismated with unbelievers [believers
marrying unbelievers], for what partnership can there be between righteousness and lawlessness? Or what mutual relationship
can there be between light in the company of darkness?
2 Cor. 6:15 As a matter of fact, what common ground is there between Christ
in the company with Belial? Or what commonality can there be between a believer in company with an unbeliever?
2
Cor. 6:16 Moreover, what agreement is there between the temple of God in company with idols? Indeed, you are a living temple
of God, just as God said: "I will live in them and live among them, and I will be their God and they will be My people."
2 Cor. 6:17 "Therefore,
come out from the middle of them and be separated," said the Lord, "and stop touching the unclean; then I will welcome
you,"
2
Cor. 6:18 "and I will be a Father unto you, and you shall be sons and daughters unto Me," said the Lord Almighty.
2 Cor. 7:1 Therefore, since we have these
promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from every type of defilement against the flesh and human spirit, for the purpose
of making continual progress with reference to the spiritual life with profound respect for God.
2 Cor. 7:2 Make room for us [Paul and his colleagues] in your hearts; we
have harmed nobody, we have corrupted nobody, we have cheated nobody.
2 Cor. 7:3 I am not speaking for the purpose of condemnation, since I have
repeatedly said in the past and will say yet again that you are in our hearts for the purpose of living together and eventually
dying together.
2 Cor. 7:4 Great is my confidence concerning you, great is my boasting about
you. I have been completely filled in the past and will continue to be filled with encouragement in the future; I am constantly
being flooded with inner happiness under every type of outside pressure for our benefit.
2 Cor. 7:5 For indeed, when we finally arrived in Macedonia, our flesh had
in no respect received relief, but continually experienced pressures in every category: fistfights on the outside, fears on
the inside.
2 Cor. 7:6 But He Who keeps on encouraging those without confidence, our
God, encouraged us by the arrival of Titus,
2 Cor. 7:7 And not only by his arrival, but also by the encouragement with
which he had been encouraged concerning you, reporting to us your longing, your mourning, your zeal for me, so that as a result
I was more than ever full of inner happiness.
2 Cor. 7:8 For if I indeed grieved you with a letter, I am not sorry, although
I began with regret, since I understand that that letter, if only for a moment, grieved you.
2
Cor. 7:9 At the present time I am full of inner happiness, not because you were grieved, but because you were grieved to the
point of turning from your sins, for you were grieved according to the purpose of God, so that you might in no way receive
discipline from us.
2 Cor. 7:10 For grief that originates from the purpose of God always brings
about a turning from one's sins, free from regret, with a result of spiritual deliverance, but grief from the world system
always produces spiritual death.
2 Cor. 7:11 As a matter of fact, here is a perfect example. While you were
being disciplined according to the purpose of God, how much diligent effort did it eventually produce in you? Certainly an
eagerness to remedy the situation, and not only this but agony over the enormity of your sin, and not only this but respect
for the administration of divine discipline, and not only this but a longing for the return of peace, and not only this but
a zeal for producing fruit, and not only this but humble submission to divine judgment. In every conceivable way you proved
yourselves to be uncontaminated with reference to the [incestuous] affair.
2 Cor. 7:12 Consequently, even though I wrote to you, I wrote not for the
sake of the person who was guilty of causing harm, nor for the person who received harm, but for the sake of our diligent
effort which has been made evident on your behalf in the presence of God.
2 Cor. 7:13 For this reason, we have been encouraged in the past and we will
continue to be encouraged in the future. Moreover, in addition to this, we received all the more inner happiness due to our
ever increasing abundance of encouragement corresponding to the inner happiness of Titus, because his human spirit was refreshed
in the past and continues to be refreshed by all of you.
2 Cor. 7:14 For if I said something boastful to him concerning you, I have
not been disappointed, not only because we communicated all categories of things in truth to you, but in the same manner,
our boasting before Titus also came true.
2
Cor. 7:15 As a matter of fact, his affections for you are all the more abundant whenever he remembers the obedience of you
all, how with profound respect and trembling you welcomed him.
2
Cor. 7:16 I am happy that I have confidence in you in every respect.
2
Cor. 8:1 Now we are going to disclose to you, brethren, the grace of God which was brought about in the past and continues
to be bestowed among the assemblies of Macedonia,
2 Cor. 8:2 Since during a great test of
outside pressure, the superabundance of their inner happiness (and to the same extent their extreme poverty) multiplied into
a wealth of personal, singlehearted devotion [generous grace giving],
2 Cor. 8:3 For according to their ability, I will confirm, even beyond their
ability, this was of their own accord,
2 Cor. 8:4 Imploring us most insistently concerning a grace gift, even a
partnership with reference to a contribution for the saints,
2 Cor. 8:5 And not to the degree that we had anticipated, but first they
entrusted themselves to the Lord, and then by means of God's will to us,
2 Cor. 8:6 With the result that we ourselves appealed to Titus, so that to
the degree that he had begun beforehand, he might in the same way also bring to fruition among you this grace gift as well.
2
Cor. 8:7 Moreover, just as you continue to superabound in every manner: by faith-rest and by sharing the Word and by studying
the Word and by every manner of diligent effort and by the virtue love from yourselves to us - superabound by this grace gift
as well.
2 Cor. 8:8 I am not speaking by way of an authoritative command, but because
of the diligence of others and my desire to demonstrate the genuineness of your virtue love.
2
Cor. 8:9 Now you are familiar with the grace orientation of our Lord Jesus Christ, that although He was rich, for your benefit
He became poor, so that by His extreme poverty you might become rich.
2 Cor. 8:10 Moreover, I will render an opinion in this matter: Indeed, this
(grace orientation) was to your advantage, whoever not only began to exercise this (grace-oriented spiritual life), but was
also willing to resume (the grace-oriented spiritual life) a year ago,
2 Cor. 8:11 And now may also complete (the grace-oriented spiritual life)
that you started to do, so that just as your zeal to be willing began, in the same manner may you likewise complete the course
in the days to come by means of what you currently possess.
2 Cor. 8:12 Therefore, assuming this eagerness still exists, it may be considered
acceptable when according to standards, not when it is considered not according to standards.
2
Cor. 8:13 And certainly the purpose of financial relief for others is not to cause financial pressure upon you, nor by reason
of a matter of equality.
2 Cor. 8:14 At the present time, your financial overflow may be for the purpose
of their need, so that their financial overflow might likewise be for the purpose of your need someday, in order that there
might be a mutually beneficial result,
2 Cor. 8:15 Just as it stands written: "He who greatly increased did
not amass an excessive amount, and he who was in need did not endure an inadequate amount."
2
Cor. 8:16 But thanks be to God Who produced the same eagerness on your behalf in the mentality of Titus,
2
Cor. 8:17 Since on the one hand, he accepted the request, but on the other hand, quite eagerly placing himself at your disposal,
he went face-to-face with you of his own accord.
2 Cor. 8:18 In addition, we sent along with him a fellow believer whose commendable
teaching in the good news is recognized throughout all the assemblies,
2 Cor. 8:19 And not only this, but was also chosen by the assemblies as our
traveling companion to accompany us with this grace contribution, which will be administered by us for the praise of the Lord
Himself and our dedication,
2 Cor. 8:20 For the purpose of avoiding this: that no one should find fault
with us with reference to this generous financial contribution which will be administered by us,
2
Cor. 8:21 For we always try to take care of things honestly, not only in the presence of the Lord, but also in the sight of
men.
2
Cor. 8:22 In addition, we sent along with them our brother, whom we have examined, tested and proved to be repeatedly diligent
in many things, and now exceptionally diligent because of the enormous trust placed in him by you.
2 Cor. 8:23 Next regarding Titus: he is my partner and fellow-worker on your
behalf; then our colleagues, messengers from the assemblies, reputable on behalf of Christ.
2
Cor. 8:24 Therefore, keep on giving an indication to them, evidence of your virtue love and of our boasting on your behalf
face-to-face before the assemblies.
2
Cor. 9:1 Now indeed, concerning support for the saints, it is unnecessary for me to write to you,
2 Cor. 9:2 For I know quite well and have confidence in your positive motivation,
which I continually take pride in and boast about you to the Macedonians, [since Achaia has been in the process of preparing
themselves since last year], because your positive motivation stirred up many,
2 Cor. 9:3 However, I have dispatched fellow believers, so that our boasting
about you might not be rendered void with reference to this incomplete matter, in order that, just as I stated previously,
you might be making preparations;
2 Cor. 9:4 Otherwise, if Macedonians return with me and find you unprepared,
we (I don't necessarily mean you) may be humiliated in this conviction.
2
Cor. 9:5 Therefore, I considered it necessary to urge my fellow believers (3-man collection team) that they might proceed
ahead of me to you and prepare in advance your previously promised contribution, which might be prepared as though a voluntary
gift and not as something one feels forced to give.
2 Cor. 9:6 However, this remains true: "He who makes it a habit to sow
sparingly [reluctantly] shall also reap sparingly, but he who makes it a habit to sow bountifully [graciously] shall also
reap bountifully."
2 Cor. 9:7 Each person should always decide according to the mentality of
his soul, not reluctantly, nor under compulsion, for God loves a giver with a relaxed mental attitude.
2
Cor. 9:8 Moreover, God has the inherent power to make every grace gift superabound to your advantage, so that when you think
self-sufficiently in all types of circumstances, you may continue to superabound in every category of intrinsically good work.
2
Cor. 9:9 Just as it stands written: "He was generous, he gave to the poor, his righteousness will abide during his age
[lifetime]."
2 Cor. 9:10 "Likewise, He Who keeps on providing resources for the purpose
of sowing and bread for the purpose of eating, shall continue to provide and multiply your resources, as well as increasing
the harvest from your charity,"
2 Cor. 9:11 So that you will be enriched in every way as concerns each category
of generosity, which keeps on accomplishing through us gratitude towards God,
2 Cor. 9:12 Because the support of this ministry is not only for the purpose
of providing what is lacking by the saints, but also for the purpose of continuing to superabound with ever-increasing gratitudes
toward God.
2
Cor. 9:13 Meanwhile they [the Jerusalem saints] are glorifying God, due to the evidence of this ministry, on the basis of
obedience to your profession concerning the good news of Christ and the generosity related to your contribution to them and
to all others,
2
Cor. 9:14 As they also, with prayers on your behalf, long for you, because of the surpassing grace of God upon you.
2 Cor. 9:15 Thanks be
to God for His indescribable gift.
2
Cor. 10:1 Now, I myself, Paul, encourage you by the genuine humility and grace orientation of Christ, who, on the one hand,
when in your presence, seem meek and mild, but on the other hand, when I am absent, I am rather courageous towards you,
2 Cor. 10:2 But on the contrary, I am praying that when I was present, I
did not act boldly with arrogant self-confidence, supposing myself to be presumptuously brave in the presence of some who
consequently consider us as walking according to the flesh.
2 Cor. 10:3 For although we walk in an earthly body, we are not continually
fighting a battle according to the norms and standards of the flesh,
2 Cor. 10:4 (For the weapons of our warfare are not material, but powerful
according to the norms and standards of God, for the purpose of tearing down fortresses [satanic strongholds], for the purpose
of overthrowing false concepts [cosmic thinking]),
2 Cor. 10:5 And every classification of arrogant mental obstacle [human viewpoint
panacea] contrary to the knowledge of God [divine viewpoint], that is, with the result that every category of thought process
[intellectual rationale] is brought into strict obedience to Christ,
2
Cor. 10:6 As well as maintaining a state of mental preparation [disciplined doctrinal garrison in the soul] for the ultimate
purpose of correcting every occasion of disobedience [immediate confession of sin and restoration to fellowship], as often
as your obedience [desire to follow God's protocol plan] aspires to be brought to completion [attainment of spiritual
maturity].
2
Cor. 10:7 You are in the habit of observing things [superficially] according to external appearance [subjectivity]. If anyone
has convinced himself that he is continually living by means of Christ, let him consider this: that just as he is living by
means of Christ, likewise, also are we.
2
Cor. 10:8 For though I could boast superiority over anyone on account of our authority, which the Lord delegated for the purpose
of strengthening and not for the purpose of tearing you down, I shall not be put to shame [not ashamed of possessing or exercising
my authority],
2 Cor. 10:9 So that I might not obtain a reputation [among those who are
in human viewpoint subjectivity] on the grounds that I intimidate [rebuke] you by means of letters,
2
Cor. 10:10 Because on the one hand, his letters, they [Paul's critics] allege, are weighty [too much doctrine] and powerful
[too harsh], but on the other hand, his bodily presence is weak and his speech is counted as nothing [contemptible].
2
Cor. 10:11 May this kind of person [critic of both the message and the man] consider this: perhaps it is possible that we
are teaching through letters when we are absent [non face-to-face teaching], similar [consistent], as a matter of fact, to
the overt expression of that activity when we are present [face-to-face teaching].
2 Cor. 10:12 For we are not so presumptuous [we wouldn't dare] as to
classify [they are out of our class] or compare [our standards are inferior] ourselves with those [false teachers] who make
it a practice to recommend themselves. As a matter of fact, these individuals who make it a practice to measure themselves
by themselves and who make it a practice to compare themselves to themselves [mutual admiration society], are not collectively
[as an elite group] intelligent [the entire group is without spiritual understanding].
2 Cor. 10:13 Now we ourselves will not boast beyond limits, but rather within
the measure of the limits [of authority] that God assigned to us for a measure, extending even as far as you [including Corinth].
2
Cor. 10:14 For we did not ever extend ourselves beyond the limits of our authority when reaching out to you [in Corinth],
(although we did reach out even as far as to you [Corinth] with the gospel of Christ),
2 Cor. 10:15 Not boasting beyond limits in the labors of others, but possessing
confidence that your intake and application of doctrine will continue to increase, since it [doctrinal teaching] was extended
to you within our limits with abundant results,
2
Cor. 10:16 For the purpose of spreading the good news to lands beyond you, not for the purpose of boasting on the work already
done within the limits of another man.
2
Cor. 10:17 So then, he who is in the habit of boasting, let him make it a practice to boast in the Lord,
2 Cor. 10:18 For it is not the person who recommends himself that is approved,
but always whom the Lord tests and approves.
2
Cor. 11:1 I hope you can tolerate me regarding something a little foolish, and not only this, but also please give patient
attention to me.
2 Cor. 11:2 For I am deeply concerned for you with a profound Godly interest,
for I promised you in marriage to one husband, hoping to present you an undefiled virgin to Christ,
2
Cor. 11:3 But I fear that in some way, as the serpent deceived Eve by means of his craftiness, your minds might become corrupted
from single-hearted devotion (as well as purity) against Christ.
2 Cor. 11:4 For example, when a person [false teacher] arrives on the scene
repeatedly preaching another of the same kind of Jesus [the same historical Jesus but with something added] whom we [Paul
and his colleagues] have not preached, or you receive another of a different kind of spirit [the spirit of legalism rather
than the spirit of grace] which you have not previously received or another of a different kind of good news [something in
addition to and superior to what Paul taught] which you have not previously accepted, you always give kind [unwavering adoration]
patient attention to him [the false teacher].
2 Cor. 11:5 For I conclude after an objective personal evaluation that I
have not been in the past and am in no way now inferior to the highly-exalted apostles.
2 Cor. 11:6 As a matter of fact, even though I may be unskilled with reference
to speech [inadequate verbal communication skills], I am not, however, [unskilled] with reference to information [doctrinal
principles]; on the contrary, on every occasion we have made the truth known to you in every category of thing [comprehensive
systematic theology].
2 Cor. 11:7 Have I even committed a sin by continuing to support myself under
humble circumstances [making tents to pay his living expenses] so that you might be spiritually exalted, because I preached
the good news of God to you without cost?
2 Cor. 11:8 I robbed other assemblies [mature believers] by receiving compensation
for the purpose of ministering to you [carnal believers],
2
Cor. 11:9 And when I was present face-to-face with you and was in need of financial assistance, I was not a financial burden
to anyone, (for fellow believers who came from Macedonia supplied me what I was lacking), and in every circumstance I have
maintained myself at no financial cost to you, and [because of your immaturity in financial matters] I will continue to maintain
myself.
2 Cor. 11:10 The truth from Christ keeps on residing in me, so that this
boasting [in financial independence] shall not be silenced as it pertains to me in the regions of Achaia.
2 Cor. 11:11 For what reason? Because I no longer continue to extend virtue
love towards you? God knows better!
2 Cor. 11:12 Moreover, what I am currently doing [supporting myself financially],
I also plan to keep on doing, so that I might remove the occasion for those [false apostles] who are constantly desiring an
opportunity [to receive money], so that while they are boasting [in their assumed status as apostles] they may also be found
just as us [able to support themselves].
2 Cor. 11:13 Indeed, such men are false apostles, deceitful workers, who
are constantly transforming themselves with clever disguises [masquerading] into apostles of Christ.
2 Cor. 11:14 And it's no wonder, since Satan himself is constantly transforming
himself with clever disguises [masquerading] into an angel of light.
2 Cor. 11:15 It is no great accomplishment, therefore, if his [Satan's]
ministers also make it a practice to transform themselves with clever disguises [masquerading] as ministers of righteousness
[legalistic do-gooders], whose ultimate end [determined at the Great White Throne] shall be according to their production
[burned].
2 Cor. 11:16 I say again, don't anyone suppose me to be a fool, but if
this isn't possible, then please welcome me as a fool [just like I was a false apostle], so that I also may boast a little
about something [even if all I can boast about is being a fool].
2 Cor. 11:17 What I am attempting to communicate [through the foolishness
of sarcasm], I am not communicating against the norms and standards of the Lord [sanctified sarcasm is a legitimate teaching
device], but rather on the grounds of the foolishness associated with this confident boasting.
2 Cor. 11:18 Since many [Judaizers] are making it a practice to boast according
to the norms and standards of the flesh, I also will make it a practice to boast,
2 Cor. 11:19 For you [Corinthians] always gladly give patient attention to
fools [every false teacher that comes through town], since you are so thoughtful and wise.
2 Cor. 11:20 For you [Corinthians] continue to give patient attention to
anyone [false teacher], even if someone brings you into the slavery of legalism, even if someone exploits you, even if someone
collects [financial maintenance] from you, even if someone behaves arrogantly, even if someone punches you in the face.
2
Cor. 11:21 I am speaking about mis-evaluation, under the pretext that we [Christians in general] have been and continually
appear inept [without common sense or discernment]. However, when someone in this situation [a false teacher] appears to be
courageous [an erroneous subjective evaluation], (I am speaking with foolishness, [tongue in cheek]), I myself am courageous
[a correct objective evaluation].
2 Cor. 11:22 Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are
they descendants of Abraham? So am I.
2 Cor. 11:23 Are they ministers of Christ? I will speak on behalf of myself
[as compared to the false teachers] as though I'm out of my mind: in hardships, to a greater degree; in imprisonments,
more often; in beatings, much more severe; in danger of death, quite frequently.
2
Cor. 11:24 From the Jews five times I received forty stripes, less one.
2
Cor. 11:25 I was beaten with wooden rods three times. I was stoned once. I was shipwrecked three times. I endured a night
and a day in the open sea.
2 Cor. 11:26 On journeys often, in perils related to flooded rivers, in perils
related to robbers, in perils from my own family, in perils from Gentiles, in perils in the inner city, in perils in the wilderness,
in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren,
2 Cor. 11:27 In tiresome labor and hardships, in sleeplessness often, in
hunger and thirst, in involuntary deprivations often, in cold weather and without sufficient clothing,
2
Cor. 11:28 And in addition to those left-out [not on the list] things [that I just enumerated] is the pressure upon me that
occurs daily: anxiety [apostolic care and concern] for all the assemblies.
2 Cor. 11:29 Who [false teacher] is occasionally weary, yet am I not constantly
weary? Who [false teacher] is being occasionally doubted, yet am I not being constantly treated with inflamed, self-righteous
indignation?
2
Cor. 11:30 Since it appears necessary to boast [an unfortunate custom in Corinth], I will make it a practice to boast about
things related to my inability.
2
Cor. 11:31 The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ knows for certain, (He Who is blessed unto the ages [forever]), that
I am not lying.
2
Cor. 11:32 In Damascus, the governor of Aretus the king attempted to guard the city of the Damascenes for the purpose of arresting
me,
2
Cor. 11:33 But by means of a window through the wall I was lowered in a rope-basket and escaped his hands.
2 Cor. 12:1 On the one hand, it is not necessary to boast for the purpose
of gaining an advantage [over the false teachers], but on the other hand, I will on occasion experience visions and revelations
from the Lord.
2 Cor. 12:2 I knew a man in Christ fourteen years ago, (whether in the body
I do not know or out of the body I do not know, God knows), such a person who was transported as far as the third heaven [abode
of God].
2 Cor. 12:3 Again, I knew such a man, (whether in the body or apart from
the body I do not know, God knows),
2 Cor. 12:4 That was transported into Paradise and heard words [doctrinal
truths] too sacred for him to be able to communicate, concerning which it is not permitted [against divine policy] for a man
to communicate.
2 Cor. 12:5 On behalf of such a person [someone else who has such an extraordinary
experience] I will continue to rejoice, but on behalf of myself I will not boast, except in my weaknesses.
2 Cor. 12:6 For if I choose to boast, I will not become a fool [like the
false apostles], since I will always speak the truth; however, I am refraining [from boasting] so nobody may evaluate me as
above [superior to] what he is able to see nor whatever he may hear from [about] me.
2 Cor. 12:7 Furthermore, with reference to the surpassing quality of revelations
[what Paul learned in the third heaven], so that I might not become puffed up with pride, for this reason, a thorn against
the flesh was inflicted upon me, a messenger of Satan, for the purpose of repeatedly tormenting me [when necessary], so that
as a result I might not become puffed up with pride.
2 Cor. 12:8 I begged the Lord three times concerning this [thorn in the flesh:
torment from the fallen angel], so that it might depart from me.
2 Cor. 12:9 But He replied: "My grace provision is always enough for
you, for the power [delegated divine omnipotence] finds full strength with weakness [progressive phases of suffering]."
All the more, therefore, will I boast in my weaknesses [progressive phases of suffering], so that as a result the [delegated
divine omnipotent] power of Christ might rest upon me.
2
Cor. 12:10 Therefore, I remain content in weaknesses [progressive phases of suffering], during insults, in distress, during
persecutions and calamities on behalf of Christ, for when I am weak [relying totally on divine grace resources], then I become
strong [able to live a powerful Christian life].
2
Cor. 12:11 I have become a fool [by boasting]; you [Corinthians] compelled me. For I should have been commended by you, for
in no respect [in absolutely nothing] am I inferior to those extra-special apostles, even if I am a nobody.
2
Cor. 12:12 Indeed, the miraculous signs of an apostle were produced among you with absolute patient endurance [evidence of
Paul's supergrace life]: miraculous warning signs, and not only these but also wonderous predictions of coming events
and powerful miracles.
2 Cor. 12:13 Why is it, then, that you are worse off, far beyond the other
assemblies, if not because I myself was not a financial burden to you? Please forgive me for this injustice.
2
Cor. 12:14 Look! This is the third time I have prepared to return face-to-face to you; moreover, I will not be a financial
burden. Indeed, I am not seeking financial support from you, but rather you [personally]. For children should not provide
financial support for their parents, but rather parents for their children.
2 Cor. 12:15 However, I myself will gladly spend freely and be completely
spent [exhaust myself] on behalf of your souls, even if while I am functioning with virtue love towards you, I receive less
virtue love in return.
2 Cor. 12:16 Although this may be true [that I receive less virtue love than
I give], I myself did not financially burden you, nor by being craftily at your disposal did I trap you by deceitful means.
2
Cor. 12:17 Concerning those [apostolic messengers] whom I sent face-to-face to you in the past, did I ever take advantage
of you through them?
2
Cor. 12:18 I encouraged Titus [to ask for travel expenses] and even sent along with him a brother. Did Titus ever take advantage
of you? Have we [Paul and Titus] not always walked by means of the same Spirit? And not in the same footsteps [following Christ]?
2 Cor. 12:19 All this
time that you thought [presumed] we were defending ourselves to you, instead, beloved, we were communicating all manner of
things [doctrinal categories] before God in Christ [as witnesses] for the purpose of strengthening you [building a doctrinal,
edification structure in your soul].
2
Cor. 12:20 Indeed, I am seriously concerned [leery] that when I return, in some manner I may not find you in such condition
[state of mind] as I would like, and I myself may not be found in such condition [state of mind] as you would like; for example:
quarreling, jealousy, angry tempers, selfish ambitions, insults, gossiping, arrogance, mob violence,
2 Cor. 12:21 And not so my God can embarass me once again [by having to assert
my authority] when I return face-to-face to you, since I might start grieving all over again for many who previously sinned
and have not yet changed their minds [no reversion recovery] as concerns improper sexual conduct [promiscuity], both immorality
[prostitution] and indecency [incest] which they have practiced.
2
Cor. 13:1 I had hoped [genuine desire] to return face-to-face to you with reference to this third attempt. On the evidence
of two or three witnesses [if you don't believe me, ask Titus, Timothy, and the unknown brother], each attempt may be
confirmed.
2 Cor. 13:2 I said it before [in 1st Corinthians] and I am saying it again
[in 2nd Corinthians], (as though I had successfully arrived [in Corinth] on the second attempt and have now departed), to
those [guilty individuals] who made it a practice to live a lifestyle of sin in the past and are continuing to do so to this
day as well as all the rest [struggling, borderline individuals], that if I return again, I will not spare you.
2
Cor. 13:3 Since you are continually seeking proof [miraculous evidence] that Christ speaks in me, (Who is not weak [like Paul]
towards you, but is powerful among you,
2 Cor. 13:4 For though He was crucified by reason of weakness [humanity],
He nevertheless lives by the power of God [deity]. Indeed, though we are weak in Him [crucified with Him], nevertheless we
shall live together with Him [share in His resurrection] by the power of God among you.
2
Cor. 13:5 Keep on examining yourselves as to whether you are in the sphere of doctrine [living daily by the Word of God].
Keep on confirming yourselves [honest evaluation of your spiritual status]. Don't you yourselves [each and every one of
you individually] yet thoroughly understand that Jesus Christ is in you [indwelling of Christ], unless you are failing to
meet the test [out of fellowship]?
2 Cor. 13:6 Now I hope that you will come to know that we [Paul and his colleagues]
are not reversionists [disqualified from Christ's indwelling].
2 Cor. 13:7 Moreover, we [Paul & colleagues] pray face-to-face to God
that you do nothing evil, not so that we may appear approved [having a reputation as good teachers], but so that you may keep
on doing the honorable thing, though we ourselves [Paul & colleagues] might become reversionists.
2
Cor. 13:8 For we are not able to do anything against the truth, but rather in support of the truth.
2 Cor. 13:9 For we maintain inner happiness when we experience
suffering [which is all the time], but you when you are spiritually strong [which infrequently occurs]. We also pray from
time-to-time for your spiritual maturity [they can't mature spiritually without suffering for blessing].
2 Cor. 13:10 For this
reason [concern for your spiritual welfare], I am writing while absent, so that when I am present, I will not have to use
that opportunity for severity according to the authority which the Lord has given me for the purpose of building up [construction:
providing doctrine for the building of an edification complex of the soul] and not tearing down [destruction: administering
divine discipline to reversionistic believers].
2
Cor. 13:11 Finally, brethren, be full of inner happiness [attain supergrace status], keep on being motivated to attain spiritual
maturity [building an edification complex], keep on being encouraged [by the doctrine resident in your soul], live in harmony
[impersonal love] with one another, live in peace [relaxed mental attitude], and the God of virtue love and peace shall be
with you.
2 Cor. 13:12 Greet one another of the same
kind [fellow believers] with respect [supergrace rapport] with a sacred kiss [handshake, salute].
2 Cor. 13:13 All the saints send respectful greetings to you.
2 Cor. 13:14 May grace [provision] from the Lord Jesus Christ and virtue
love from God [the Father] and communion from the Holy Spirit be with you all.
Resources
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2000, Zondervan Publishing House
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New Testament Exegesis, Werner Stenger, 1993, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
The New Testament - An Expanded Translation, 2 Corinthians, Kenneth S. Wuest, 1994, William
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1979, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Bruce M. Metzger, 1971, United Bible Societies
Figures of Speech Used in the Bible, E.W. Bullinger, 1968, Baker Book House Company
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Company
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Publishing Company
Commentary on the Whole Bible, 2 Corinthians, Matthew Henry, 1991, Hendrickson Publishers
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Company
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God: Meditations of a Christian Hedonist, John Piper, 1996, Multnomah Press
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in the New Testament, 2 Corinthians, Marvin R. Vincent, 1946, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
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and the History of Israel: The Letter/Spirit Contrast and the Argument From Scripture in 2 Corinthians 3, Scott J. Hafemann,
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New Testament, Leon Morris, 1965, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
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The Imminent Return of the Lord, Earl D. Radmacher, 1994, Moody Press
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Accomplished and Applied, John Murray, 1980, Eerdmans Publishing
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Chiefly From Papyri and Inscriptions, Adolf Deissmann, 1901, Hendrickson
An Idiom Book
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Absolutely Free,
Zane Hodges, 1989, Zondervan Publishing
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1983, Kregel Publications
Biblical Interpretation and the Church: The Problem of Contextualization,
D.A. Carson, 1985, Thomas Nelson Publishers
Your Spiritual Gifts Can Help Your Church
Grow, C. Peter Wagner, 1979, Regal Books
God the Redeemer, J.M. Boice, 1978, InterVarsity
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Self-Praise, Cicero, Bantam Books
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Second Epistle to the Corinthians, James
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Systematic Theology
Volume 2, L.S. Chafer, 1948, Dallas Seminary Press
Communion With God, J. Owen, 1980, Vol. 2, Banner of Truth Trust
Entrance Into the Kingdom, Robert Govett, 1978, Conley & Schoettle Publishing
2 Corinthians: The Grace New Testament
Commentary, Dwight L. Hunt, 2010, Grace Evangelical Society